Analysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible Essay

Matthew Shults A.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict The Crucible is a play that takes place in the 17 century in Salem, Massachusetts. As the play starts, Reverend Parris caught some girls naked dancing in the woods. Apparently the girls where stirring up spirits and to escape the punishment of the accusations of being witches, they blame other women in Salem. Later on in the play, Elizabeth Proctor finds out about John Proctor and Abigail having an affair. Abigail soon accuses Elizabeth of being a witch to remove her and to get her out of the picture. A doll is then found at her house and the evidence is being stacked against her. Deputy Danforth is the judge for the trials while the girls begin blaming each other for being witches. Reverend Hale is brought in as an expert witness and first believes the girls are witches but over time he starts to believe the ones who are accused. John Proctor gets Mary Warren to testify against the girls. The next day, Mary testifies that the girls are lying. They respond by acting like Mary is bewi tching them, stating phrases such as â€Å"Mary, this is black art to change your shape† (115). Mary then states the John Proctor is bewitching her and is under his influence; he gets arrested moments later. Three months later, Proctor is asked to confess or get hanged. The jury then accuses John of being an associate of the devil. As Danforth wants him to sign a confession,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimen ting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 3926 Words   |  16 PagesA.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict At its core, The Crucible is a chilling depiction of a community engulfed by hysteria. A fanatically religious community in Salem, Massachusetts becomes embroiled in a witch-hunt initiated by a group of adolescent girls. At the start of the play, Reverend Parris finds his teenage daughter, Betty Parris, â€Å"sick† in bed after she, along with his niece Abigail, his slave Tituba, and a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 883 Words   |  4 PagesName: Lauren Ciesielski Period AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author (first and last name) and date of first publication: Arthur Miller and 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor – A farmer in Salem that is married to Elizabeth Proctor and is trying to get Elizabeth to forgive him for his sins of lechery on Abigail. b. Abigail Williams- A young lady who tries to throw herself at John Proctor due to their previous affair andRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 908 Words   |  4 PagesDel Giudice Mrs. Schmiedeler English 2F 21 October 2015 Crucible Essay â€Å"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.† This is a quote by Benjamin Franklin and it explains how the puritan society in The Crucible work. this quote shows how fragile a reputation can be, you can spend your whole life increasing your reputation, but one wrong move and it’s completely wrong. In The Crucible, many of Arthur Miller’s characters are very concerned with their reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1122 Words   |  5 PagesErin Kelleher English II Honors Mrs. Hagerty 14 January 2015 Corruption in The Crucible Good leaders are essential to the functionality and prosperity of a community. They should be honest, genuine, and selfless. Good leaders keep the interests of the people they lead in mind when making all decisions instead of focusing on their own personal goals. It can be quite disastrous when leaders have ulterior motives or bad principles. When leaders are dishonest, deceitful, and selfish, it causes problemsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1842 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss Arthur Miller’s approach to U.S. history in The Crucible. Arthur Miller combines his experiences during the McCarthy reign of the 1950s and the factual events of the Salem witch trials in 1692 to create an elaborated historical tale of the panic caused by witchcraft. Although, the morals behind the events are relevant no matter what the period of time the audience is in. Arthur Miller uses the semantic field of truth throughout the play, ‘The Crucible’, to show his audiences that no matterRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words   |  9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelings

What Makes A Generous Person Generous - 806 Words

When asked the question what makes a generous person generous, one could easily answer that a person is generous because he performs generous actions. According to Aristotle this relation is true, but he understands and address the critics view. Aristotle explains that one must follow other guidelines aside from performing generous actions to become a generous. In the first paragraph of Chapter 4, Book 2 in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle raises the question,† What we mean by saying that we must become just by doing just acts, and temperate by doing temperate acts; for if men do just and temperate acts, they are already just and temperate, exactly as, if they do what is in accordance with the laws of grammar and of music, they are grammarians and musicians.† In the following paragraph, Aristotle clarifies that it is possible to perform actions in accordance to the laws of grammar in total accident or solely because someone else has told him to perform in that manner. If that is the case than a person is not a grammarian because he does not understand why he writes or reads the way he does. Furthermore, Aristotle explains that unlike the art of music, that reaches excellence through its finished product, actions such as generosity and other virtues reach their excellence not only by the finished action but by the character in which it is completed. Performing generous actions is not enough to become generous. The action must meet other guidelines in order for one to reach theShow MoreRelatedThe Need For Change For The Betterment Of Our World1017 Words   |  5 Pagescountless other things. We changing something that our world is so used to, will never be an easy task. We, as human beings, need to learn what it takes to substantially change and shape the world for it’s benefit. In order to understand what is required for change to be successful and progress to be made, it is necessary that we understand the concept of generous orthodoxy. By educating ourselves about this concept, we can ensure that mankind moves forward to equality, preservation, and working toRead MoreThe Spiritual Discipline Of Generosity1121 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity. Generosity is a common discipline for both Christian and non Christian people as a cornerstone of success in whatever way you view success. The 5 qualities that generous people share are they are Altruistic (give without expecting a return), they are Optimistic (view the world in a positive light), Trusting (trust what they are giving to is worthy), Energetic (they are energized by their giving), Leaders (they are not afraid to lead the battle for a cause). Summarise your original understandingRead MoreThe Moral Obligation Of An Affluent Lifestyle Without Saving Life1364 Words   |  6 PagesWe are now going to unravel Singer’s arguments for our moral obligation to give to others. He first compares allowing the absolute poverty to suffer to what some suggest is the equivalence to murder. An example given in the passage is a person who lives an affluent lifestyle that does not contribute to the poor might as well shoot some ‘peasants’ in India because the actions are equivalent. Singer would argue that this verdict is too harsh and evidently this big question of moral obligation shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Great Gatsby 867 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially currency. He states that just because a man has unlimited access to money, that doesn’t mean that said man should make unnecessary, extravagant, and outrageous purchases. To the contrary, a man should always be strategic on how he spends his money and always focus on getting the best result from his purchases. Aristotle believes that the virtuous man will never spend beyond what it is right and will never spend his money for the sake of showing off his wealth. â€Å"The deficiency of this state ofRead MoreMinister Of Finance Speech869 Words   |  4 Pagesam a skilled, frugal, and generous individual with many connections and previous knowledge that will aid me in manage Olympus’s finances. If you allow me to take on this position, I promise you will not regret it; I will keep the finances under control and ensure that the Gods are making the most of their money. So I ask you to hear me out as I tell you when I am the absolute best candidate for Minister of Finances at Mount Olympus. I know I am the most skilled person that could ever run the financesRead MoreThe Optimal Strategy For Player One1597 Words   |  7 Pageshas the same motivation and will also choose cooperate. b) Similar to player one, it is most beneficial to undertake the strategy of cooperation. The object game is not to secure more points than the other person, but to â€Å"maximize payouts.† Therefore, it would be illogical for either person to defect unless a motivation beyond self interest modifies decision making. c) For the maximum point earnings, it would continue to be in the best interest of Player one to cooperate. The only real change thisRead MoreQuotes On Anne Frank771 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Frank Essay: What do you think your life would have been like if you were in the Holocaust?It may seem like a terrible situation, but one girl ,Anne Frank, seemed to always find the good in people. The last words in her diary were â€Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.† These last famous words of Anne Frank let the world know that know matter what happens ,there is always good in people. Anne’s family faced many problems and fears in the annex. FromRead MoreThe Nature Of The Cat960 Words   |  4 Pagesitself and the highest goal in life. Aristotle mentions the virtuous man and says that the life of these people is pleasant in itself; it does not need pleasure added to the already virtuous activity. For this man enjoys (gets pleasure) from being generous or being just. Likewise, if someone did not enjoy fine actions he cannot be considered good. We have said previously that some activities are necessary to achieve another end, while others are necessary for the end in them, happiness being an endRead MoreThe Education Of Cyrus S951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Education of Cyrus Many people look at good leaders and wonder what made them great. Xenophon was one such person. He looked at the legendary leader, Cyrus of Persia, and presented him as the best leader the world had ever seen. Cyrus could rule over humans as easily as other men ruled sheep and livestock. He was seen as just and honorable as he lavished things on his compatriots generously. But although he acted just and honorable his motives were far from good. He used manipulation to gainRead MoreWhat s Religiosity Level, Or How Religious They Are?1556 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it is more or less probable for a person to uphold the qualities of good neighborliness. Similar to the varying levels of one’s religiosity, there are also many various religious traditions that all coexist within America, while simultaneously they are so different that there is a constant potential for conflicts and tension. The concept of good neighborliness can be broken down into the three major hallmarks of be ing a good neighbor starting with how generous the individual is, in both volunteer

Portuguese Man-of-War Facts (Physalia physalis)

With its colorful float and trailing stinging tentacles, the Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis) might easily be mistaken for a jellyfish. However, a jellyfish is a single animal. The Portuguese man-of-war is a siphonophore, which is a colony of animals that function together and cannot survive apart. The creatures common name may come from its resemblance to a Portuguese sailing warship or to the helmets worn by Portuguese soldiers. Fast Facts: Portuguese Man-of-War Scientific Name: Physalia physalisCommon Names: Portuguese man-of-war, Portuguese man o war, man-of-warBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: The float is approximately 12 inches long, 5 inches wide; its tentacles can measure up to 165 feetLifespan: Probably 1 yearDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific OceansPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description The man-of-war has a distinctive sail-like float (pneumatophore) that may reach 12 inches in length and 5 inches in width, and rises 6 inches above the water surface. The colorful float may be translucent blue, pink, or violet. This gas bladder is filled with nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and a small amount of carbon dioxide from air, plus up to 14% carbon monoxide. Portuguese man-of-war on a beach. David Ziegler  Getty Images In addition to the pneumatophore, the man-of-war has three other polyp types. The dactylozooids are tentacles that are used for defense and disabling prey. The tentacles are blue or purple and can extend up to 165 feet. The gastrozooids are responsible for feeding. The gonozooids are used for reproduction. Man-of-War vs. Blue Bottle The genus Physalia includes two species: the Portuguese man-of-war and the Pacific man-of-war or Australian blue bottle (Physalia utriculus). The Portuguese man-of-war has a wider color range and many tentacles, while the Australian blue bottle is blue and has a single long tentacle. Australian blue bottle on a beach. Michelle Lehr / Getty Images Habitat and Range The species occurs in the warm waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as the Caribbean and Sargasso Seas. The Portuguese man-of-war lives on or just below the surface of the water. A siphon in the pneumatophore lets the animal float or descend in the water column. Wind pushes the animals float at a 45 degree angle. Some individuals are left-sided, while others are right-sided. The different orientations of the floats help the animals to disperse across the oceans. Diet The Portuguese man-of-war is a carnivore. Its tentacles contain stinging cells called nematocysts that paralyze and kill small fish, worms, and crustaceans. The tentacles move prey to the gastrozooids on the underside of the float. The gastrozooids secrete enzymes that digest the prey. Nutrients are absorbed and circulated to other polyps. The man-of-war is prey to sea turtles, sea slugs, and crabs. Reproduction and Offspring The man-of-war life cycle includes a sexual and an asexual reproductive phase. Each colonial organism is either male or female. Spawning occurs mainly in the autumn. The gonozooids form gametes and release them into the water. The larva formed by the union of an egg and sperm then reproduces asexually by budding or mitotic fission until it achieves its mature form. This differs from the cellular division and differentiation of a non-colonial animal in that each type of polyp is a complete organism. However, a polyp cannot survive without other members of its colony. Like jellyfish and other Cnidarians, the rate of the life cycle depends on water temperature and other factors. Its likely the man-of-war lives to at least one year of age. Conservation Status The Portuguese man-of-war has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for a conservation status. The species seems to be abundant throughout its range. Its population trend is unknown. Portuguese Man-of-War and Humans While the Portuguese man-of-war has no commercial value, it is of economic importance due to its impact on coastal tourism. Both jellyfish and man-of-war tentacles can sting after the animal is dead or when they are detached. Stings are painful, although not usually fatal. Neurotoxins in the venom cause mast cells in skin to release histamines, resulting in inflammation. Treatment typically involves tentacle removal, using vinegar or ammonia to inactivate remaining nematocysts, and soaking the affected area in hot water. Oral or topical antihistamines may be administered to combat inflammation. Jellyfish and man-of-war tentacles produce a characteristic rope-like sting.   4FR / Getty Images Sources Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers: Sunderland, Massachusetts, 2003.Halstead, B.W.  Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Darwin Press, 1988.Kozloff, Eugene N. Invertebrates. Saunders College, 1990. ISBN 978-0-03-046204-7.Mapstone, G. Global Diversity and Review of Siphonophorae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). PLOS ONE 10(2): e0118381, 2014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087737Wilcox, Christie L., et al. Assessing the Efficacy of First-Aid Measures in Physalia sp. Envenomation, Using Solution- and Blood Agarose-Based Models. Toxins, 9(5), 149, 2017. doi:10.3390/toxins9050149

Complexities Of Community College Culture Essay - 2234 Words

Complexities of Community College Culture Brooke Adkison Head University of Alabama Abstract Community colleges do not have a single culture, but rather a myriad of cultures. The culture of an institution in higher education may not fit into a traditional model due to the complexity of academic culture. Within an institution, there is a dominate culture, as well as subcultures that exist. In addition, there are administrative cultures that may interact with the academic culture. The administration, faculty, staff, and students of an institution influence the culture, institutional goals, as well as individual success. Due to increasing demands and greater accountability in higher education, administrators are faced with greater challenges. At the community college level, there is an expectation for timely responsiveness to meet the needs of the community and workforce. Educational institutions must demonstrate sensitivity to the existing culture when addressing challenges in order to make progress. Complexities of Community College Culture Community colleges do not have a single culture, but rather a myriad of cultures. The culture of an institution in higher education may not fit into a traditional model due to the complexity of academic culture. Within an institution, there is a dominate culture, as well as subcultures that exist. In addition, there are administrative cultures that may interact with the academic culture. The administration, faculty,Show MoreRelatedCreating A Culture Of Change Is Challenging For Any Leader1125 Words   |  5 PagesConstructing a culture of change is challenging to any leader. As a new Dean of a community college division, the vice-president has asked for a three-month action plan on the approaches that will be taken to promote a positive and productive environment for the faculty. Since the previous dean did not offer a level service that met the faculty’s expectations, it is important that every faculty member that was impacted negatively be heard. This action plan will explore leadership and followershipRead MoreHooking Up1039 Words   |  5 Pagesher book, she uses various methods to expose the complexity of hookups and the actualities of the gender â€Å"rules† on college campuses. The techniques Bogle uses are: explaining the norms of the hooking up culture prior to the twentieth century, describing how the ambiguity of the term â€Å"hooking up† on college campuses creates misconstrued ideas about other college students, and comparing the difference between males and females in the hook up culture. At the beginning of the book, Bogle uncoversRead MoreApplication Of A Transfer Process For Campuses And Students Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesensure an effective and efficient transfer process from a two-year college to a four-year college, scholars Jain, Herrera, Bernal and Solà ³rzano (2011) have identified five elements that are necessary to establish transferring as a normalized process for campuses and students. â€Å"An integral concept to a transfer receptive culture is that the foundation to receive students begins prior to them arriving at the institution; such as a culture cannot be simply limited to efforts when the student arrives† (JainRead MoreWhy I Am A Physician923 Words   |  4 PagesPlease submit an essay (450 words or less) that explains your interest and commitment to Community Medicine. When I envision myself as a physician, I picture someone who is truly invested in alleviating suffering, while being a community leader who goes above and beyond to make a difference in the lives of others. One of the most influential interactions that I had with the medical field occurred during high school when my mother fell sick. My family and I were going through a tough time financiallyRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart990 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe, the author of  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, was known for writing about the imposition of white men on African society. Achebe was a Nigerian man who became one of the most well-known authors in the world. His works were inspired by African culture and he helped define African literature. Chinua’s most famous literary work is  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, but he has many other books that he is known for, including â€Å"No Longer at Ease†,  ¨Arrow of God ¨, and  ¨A Man of the People ¨. 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Therefore, the audiences that Gabbatiss is attempting to reach are not the aforementioned scientific or professional communities, but the readers of BBC News whose comprehension of the subject may not extend beyond their college education. However, Gabbatiss’s purpose to raise publicRead MoreLocated in NY, New York, New York University is the Largest Private Campus in the United States1186 Words   |  5 PagesNew York Universit y New York University (NYU) is one of the largest private universities in the United States, located in Manhattan, its mission is to be an international center of scholarship, teaching and research defined by a culture of academic excellence and innovation. NYU is an amazing school that provides great opportunities and experiences for their students in all different types of fields. The university was founded by Albert Gallatin in 1831. The student body went from 158 studentsRead MoreHagerstown Community College Essay Sample993 Words   |  4 PagesHagerstown Community College (HCC) is a public, not for profit, two-year college located in Washington County Maryland. HCC is one of the first colleges in Maryland that started by offering mostly evening classes. Today, the campus offers over 100 programs of study on its 319-acre campus consisting of associate degrees, certifications, and non-credit continuing education courses. HCC reaches out to four states for recruitment purposes: Maryland (specifically Washington County), Pennsylvania (mostlyRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Identity Research Paper Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesblack community. According to Bowles, (1993), a majority of bi-racial children identify themselves as African-American. Not to mention, both black and white communities discourage bi-racial children from associating themselves with both cultures (Bowles, 1993). My maternal grandfather nurtured the development of my ethnic and cultural identity. He instilled me with pride and appreciation for my Irish roots. Specifically, he brought me over to Belfast to learn and experience the culture. I learned

Native American Art And European Art - 2008 Words

Native American culture was a great influence on newly introduced western art when settlers first came to North America. Not only did Native Americans have their own style of art, sculpture, basket weaving, and other fine arts. Their artistic styles helped influence some European art and gave them a different outlook on not only art itself, but a brand new culture that they have not seen before. This paper will talk about the different styles of Native American art and compare it to European art styles and artist, as well as going into detail about how their culture influenced artistic styles. There are many different types of Native American tribes located in the United States, and there were even more when Europeans/settlers first arrived on the shores of the East coast. In the Subarctic and Arctic area (Alaska, Canada, and south of Canada) the only known surviving art is the Petrgoglyph site in Ontario. A lot of these art were painted hides from caribou and moose which were used to make bright colored clothing, tipi’s, and beaded boxes. When Europeans finally met these Native Americans, moose-hair tufting and floral glass beadwork became popular in that area greatly as they were influenced by the Grey Nuns which was a Canadian religious institute from the Roman Catholic Religious sisters founded in 1783. The Yup’ik of Alaska had a long tradition and remarkable style of carving masks for their rituals. These mask were classified as art due to their designs andShow MoreRelatedSeminar On Art Theory Themes Throughout Contemporary Art1221 Words   |  5 Pagesin Art Theory—Themes in Contemporary Art Dr. Laura Myers Native Artists, Identity Defined and Redefined. Luiseno Native artist James Luna’s performance of, The Artifact Piece (1987) confronts anthropological museums in their post-colonial precepts of the Indian â€Å"other†. In the performance of The Artifact Piece, Luna shares with the viewer that he himself is a living human artifact. Bringing into question why institutions as such continue to perpetuate and objectify Native IndigenousRead MoreNative American Influences on Modern American Culture727 Words   |  3 Pagesfirst Europeans came to the North American continent. they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American peoples of North America. Native Americans, who had highly developed cultures in many respects. must have been as curious about the strange European manners and customs as the Europeans were curious about them. As always happens when two or more cultures come into contact. there was a cultural exchange. Native Americans adopted some of the Europeans ways. and the Europeans adoptedRead MoreNative American Art : A Modern Artist Kent Monkman1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of European presence on the North American continent is tragic and violent for the indigenous peoples. Though Europeans brought with them horses and materials, such as cotton that were more easier to work with than animal hides, ultimately Euro-Americans took more than they ever gave. Native American art shows some of that battle to retain their identity as people under the marginalization Euro-Americans. That marginalization has happened from the first exposure of Europeans to North AmericaRead MoreArt Is The Visual Manifestation And Application Of Human Creativity Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesArt is the visual manifestation and application of human creativity, typically executed through painting or sculpture. Art is multifunctional, in that it has the ability to transcend the visual by evoking an emotional response in a non-verbal way. In art, artists are able to utilize their medium to connect their personal message to the audience in a non- traditional manner. Disarming the audience by presenting a new perspective on critical issues through the implementation of art and can help combatRead MoreThe Native American Iroquois Communities Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesserving more than 400 students. Out of this student population, 85% of students are economically disadvantaged. The school also serves students with disabilities (31%) and English language learners (6%). The dominating ethnicities are Black or African American (51%) and Hispanic or Latino (40%). This is an ICT fourth grade classroom with around 25 students between the ages of eight through ten. There are two teachers in the classroom, one specializes in special-education and the other in eleme ntary-educationRead MoreThe New Anthology Of American Poetry By Steven Gould Axelrod1241 Words   |  5 PagesAnthology of American Poetry† by Steven Gould Axelrod; he claimed â€Å"The Dead Nation written by Dewitt Clinton Duncan expresses his anger over what he considered the U.S. abandonment of mortality, and its repudiation of justice under the law along with the twenty-two treaties and its main focus on colonial expansion.† Dewitt Duncan was aiming to share his perspective of the assimilation of Cherokee Nation culture at the same time was explaining the demolition of the nation caused by the Europeans doingsRead MorePhiladelphia Museum : A Three Floored Building1173 Words   |  5 Pagesranging from American Art, Asian art, European art, to Arms and armor, Prints drawing and photographs, Modern and contemporary art, Special Exhibitions, and Textiles. The ground floor is composed of two types of artwork: prints, drawing, and photography; specifically, the Honick man and Berman Galleries, and modern and contemporary art. The Honickman and Berman Galleries and a section of the modern and contemporary art occupy the west wing while the rest of the modern contemporary art occupies theRead MoreNative Cultures Have Been Studied And Depicted In Many1165 Words   |  5 PagesNative cultures have been studied and depicted in many forms since the 1500s. Vast amounts of information throughout the years have been formulated to represent the unique and individual native cultures around the world. Most of the information collected about native cultures was represented in various ways, from paintings, sculptures, wood carvings, and eventually in museums. Unfortunately, most of the material displayed in these art forms was inaccurate, either through presenting false or dramatizedRead MoreNative American Arts756 Words   |  3 PagesNative Americans treasure one thing in their culture the most; the arts. Native American art is the works created by the nat ives of North America. Art can come in many forms, but are most present in the visual arts and melodic arts, which can then fall under several categories. Art is considered a symbol of Native American heritage and the overall culture of world art. It has been a major part of their lives for thousands of years. The Native American arts serve the purpose of self-expression, whichRead MoreThe United States And America1270 Words   |  6 Pageseighteenth-century until 1870’s this began to change. Americans began embracing ruins and the past that had been connected to, such as burial mounds, abandoned houses and whole towns, and the natural antiquity of America as a way to be superior to Europe. Americans viewed the western United States as a vast open wilderness ready for their taking. Not only was this land in need of human cultivation it was a god given destiny. The United States and Americans were given this land by a divine being; this idea

Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird - 1231 Words

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his theory of moral development developed in 1958. His theory was dependent on the thinking of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and American philosopher John Dewey. It consists of three levels of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. These levels are based on the degree to which an individual accommodates to the conventional standards of society. Each level aquires two stages that serve as different standards of sophistication in moral reasoning. Overall, Kohlberg affirms that moral development is a process of maturing that emerges from thinking about about moral issues (â€Å"Kohlberg’s Moral Development†). Jem Finch is one of the main characters in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A†¦show more content†¦Evidently, negative actions would result in some form of punishment. For example, a little kid at school wouldn’t steal someone else s toy because they’d fear getting punished by the t eacher. For stage two, there is a minor difference in one s reasoning. Stage two now has to do with mutual benefits and focuses on individualism (Kohlberg s Theory). Morals are now guided by what is seen as â€Å"fair†. This stage portrays that the â€Å"right† behavior means acting in one’s own finest interest (A summary of Lawrence). An example for this would be someone being rude towards another individual because that same person was being rude earlier to them (Lawrence Kohlberg). Kohlberg’s second level from his theory is conventional moral reasoning. This is primarily people following social norms and customs (Kohlberg’s Theory). The laws and rule are sustained simply because they are laws and rules that must be followed (â€Å"Kohlberg’s Moral Development†). The second level is generally found in society hence the name of this level being â€Å"conventional†. Stages three and four are included in the conventional level. Stage three focuses heavily on peer approval (Lawrence Kohlberg). Individuals are merely trying to please others so they will follow rules or do what others want them to do in order to gain their approval (â€Å"Kohlberg’s Moral Development†). Many will followShow MoreRelatedMoral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1384 Words   |  6 PagesJem’s Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist and educator known for his theory of moral development. He was a professor at Harvard University before he was a developmental psychologist. He later moved into the field of moral education. Jean Piaget (Swiss psychologist), John Dewey (American philosopher), and James Mark Baldwin (American philosopher and psychologist) all influenced Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, though Piaget s work heavily influenced Kohlberg’sRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Moral Development Analysis1486 Words   |  6 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg was an American phycologist who also was the author of the three stages of moral development. Kohlberg graduated from the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts in 1945 after serving in the merchants marines. Lawrence was also working on a ship owned by Zionist military organization which would try to smuggle Jewish refugees into Palestine past the British blockades (Doorey). Once Kohlberg was do ne serving in the military organization he came back to the U.S and went toRead MoreEssay On Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1319 Words   |  6 PagesIn books, many characters go through moral development. The book To Kill A Mockingbird shows many examples of characters that go through this development and characters that help others develop. While there are many different characters in the book, the focus is on the development of Jem and Scout Finch with the help of Atticus and Calpurnia. The kids are introduced when they are young and over the span of the book, the adults teach and help them, making them have a different understanding of theRead MoreExamples Of Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird3558 Words   |  15 PagesMoral Stages In the book to To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, a young girl is being put through a variety of challenges that have set her up to learn about aspects of life. Scout, the young girl is being put through situations throughout the book, and is going through different moral developments that have been set up into three levels by Kohlberg, a psychologist. Kohlberg gathered this information by giving people of different ages, different questions that would identify their moral stage (â€Å"Kohlberg’sRead MoreThe Three Stages Of Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1478 Words   |  6 Pagesrelating to moral reasoning and how it develops. In these three levels of moral reasoning there is six sub-stages make his theory more reasonable. The first stage of this theory is Preconventional Moral Reasoning. This first stage is when a child accepts and believes the rules of an authority figure such as parents and teachers. According to Kohlberg children under 10 years of age follo w this Preconventional Moral Reasoning. The second stage of Kohlberg’s theory is the Conventional Moral ReasoningRead More##ohlbergs Theory Of Moral Development In How To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1503 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, How to Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, it is very noticeable that Jean Louise Finch, who is also known mostly as Scout throughout the novel, has a growth mindset; this growth can be connected to Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development. Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development is a three-stage system of ideas on how moral reasoning development ( ¨Kohlbergs Theory ¨). Within all those three steps there is a total of six detailed steps explaining how ones moral reasoning grows, whetherRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesunique teaching experience for Atticus to provide to Scout and Jem. These laws followed the Southern societal ideas of the separation between races, but also demonstrated a division between a community where individuals held different moral ideas. To Kill a Mockingbird explores human morality from the perception of a six year old child, providing a different perspective on important issues of this time period. Scout’s understanding of morality develops from her once simple idea of an individual beingRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s centralRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Reflection Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesTo Reflect on Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird reflected the contentious race relations of the 1930’s-1960’s, and sparked nationwide examination of racism. There are countless court cases that closely resemble the trial that took place in the novel, such as the Scottsboro Trials. The book was published right before the culmination of the Civil Rights Movement. In the years after the book’s publication, the Freedom Riders made their famous trip across the South, and the March on Washington took placeRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences

Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology? Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is a major Australian organization with broad retail enthusiasm all through Australia and New Zealand. It is the second largest organization in Australia by income, after Perth based retail-engaged combination Wesfarmers Ltd. Furthermore, Woolworths Limited is the biggest takeaway alcohol retailer in Australia. Woolworths Limited was established in September 1924, initially under the name "Woolworths Bazaar Ltd.", a play on the globally famous F. W. Woolworth name. In the wake of finding the name had not been enlisted in Australia, and Woolworths had no plans for abroad extension, the organization progressed toward becoming "Woolworths Limited" on 22 September 1924. Following the organization's first "Bargain Basement" opening in the Imperial Arcade, on Sydney's Pitt Street, there was little enthusiasm for investors to quicken the brand's development. Be that as it may, as exchanging proceeded and investors brought more capital, the profits paid by the organization expanded from 5% to half after its third year of operation(Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Woolworths has ended year 2016 with $1.6 million loss, however in 2017, the organisation has shown a rapid development with $2.6 million profit before interest and tax(see Appendix A). With its 992 stores operating currently, Woolworths Supermarkets serve over 29 million customers across their brands every week, with more than 200,000 team members employed(Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017) Operations and Logistics Analysis Inventory Management at Woolworths supermarkets is currently achieved through an online system which is complemented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) guns to monitor stock counts and ensure the correct load is received and ordered. The inventory system automatically orders the load after approval by the duty manager based on sales and inventory data from previous day (see appendix C Load Forecasting) . Incorrect inventory data results in the incorrect load being ordered. This then leads to excess stock which is a contributor to holdings costs and order costs. The core problem in this system is the room for error which is determined by multiple factors. The grocery load among with other items such as seafood and meat is delivered to the store everyday. Each time a load is delivered a member of staff must receive the load which is done by entering the load serial number into an RFID gun and submitting this into the system. The load is then recognised by the system and the items received will be added to stock counts. After these items are filled by staff the left-overs or overs are tagged by the RFID gun and put into Long Term Overs (LTO). These items are then filled the next day whilst staff utilise the RFID guns by modifying the counts and changing stock locations. The current system harbours too much room for error (see appendix B Load Data).One element of the internal system affects another meaning the system as a whole is interdependent on its sub elements (Senge,1990) The issues in the inventory system include: Incorrect stock counts which lead to incorrect items in the next load. Stock location not synonymous with RFID location. This means either the previous load was not received correctly or the item was scanned into the wrong cage. This results again in the next load being incorrect. RFID count of Stock on Hand (SOH) not the same as actual stock on hand. Gap Scan: refers to scanning the gaps on the shelves where stock has been completely bought. The gap scan is performed every day to ensure the inventory system orders correct items; Gap scan completed incorrectly leads to minimal or excess stock, stock out or inventory block. Large quantity order- An example would be an individual buys 10 cans of dog food with multiple flavours, to save time the cashier only scans one can ten times. The result being the count is now wrong meaning the next load will then be wrong. Cost Benefit Analysis Solution/ Cost Benefit ABC Classification software system update Products further categorised by priority to account for demand Weekly Periodic system checks Common periodic inventory counts will contribute to the minimisation of incorrect stock Working closer with supply chain Reduced lead time for items in transit. Reduced chance of stock out. Increased logistical awareness. RFID holds information on product popularity, shelf life and product arrival date. Staff gain deeper product knowledge which contributes to customer satisfaction. Proper utilization of the LTO system Using weekly periodic counts along with ABC classification system will reduce LTO item count Specialised managerial and staff training on RFID Managers and staff have in depth RFID knowledge which will then minimise human error. Competitive Rivalry Within the Australian grocery industry there are various organisations such as Woolworths, Coles, IGA and Aldi who strive and compete within the intense industry to limit the amount of market share that other supermarkets acquire (Majumder, 2012). The intense rivalry that these competitors produce within the market force Woolworths to continually shape their strategy and value proposition to become more efficient and effective as an organization, by differentiating themselves from their competition, Woolworths will continue to develop as an organization to improve into the future (24sevenwritters, 2013). The Australian supermarket industry is currently controlled by Woolworths and Coles who remain the two dominant retailers holding a combined market share of 71%. Power of Suppliers The power that the suppliers of Woolworths have is seen as low, due to the fact that there is a large amount of products within Australia and New Zealand market who wish to enter the industry by gaining exposure and increasing their sales through a partnership with Woolworths. Therefore the dependence that Woolworths have over majority of their suppliers and their prices are low as there are a large amount of alternatives that could replace a greedy supplier to be apart of the largest supermarket in Australia (24sevenwritters, 2013). Power of Buyers Alternatively, the buyer power that the customers have over Woolworths is seen as extremely high due to the fact that Woolworths strives to give their consumers the best possible price to maintain their market share. Furthermore, if Woolworths decide to raise their prices they will lose customers to competitor supermarkets, which is the worst-case scenario. Therefore, Woolworths strive to keep the customers happy with the best possible prices to gain the most market share and sales within the industry (Majumder, 2012). Threat of Substitution Within the supermarket industry there are various alternatives for consumers to purchase their products. These include convenience stores, non supermarket affiliated petrol stations, pharmacies, fresh food markets and other competitor supermarket chains. Customers are willing to pay higher prices for the same products found in supermarkets, if it is seen as more convenient. This means convenience stores within a close vicinity that has no lines and easier parking. Therefore, the amount of substitutes in the supermarket industry is seen and moderately high as there is opportunity for some profit even though there is not a lot of market share to maintain (Majumder, 2012). Threat of new Entrants The Australian supermarket industry is seen as an unattractive market to enter. This is due to the low prices offered in australian retail stores that seem to produce a low potential profit. With the market dominated by two main organisations the threat of new entrants is seen as low with various barriers of entry, which act as obstacles for new competitors who wish to enter the industry. Recommendations The main issue that has been addressed with Woolworths inventory system is the room for error across a multitude of areas, with each element having an impact on the next. The introduction of automated identification (Auto-ID) technology such as RFID has enabled electronic labelling and wireless identification of objects, which facilitates real-time product visibility and data. However, it also presents many challenges due to lack of standards and roadmaps to transform Auto-ID technologies into Auto-ID solutions (Mills-Harris et al. 2006). The following solutions can set the standard for Woolworths inventory system and improve its accuracy, to be able to serve their customers better and save money. Solution 1: RFID Count of Stock of Hand (SOH) Woolworths sell a large range of different consumer products in all of their supermarkets, with some of them having shorter shelf lives than others. Therefore, higher tracking is needed for these types of inventory to ensure the SOH is at the right level every time to meet demand, while also avoiding the stock expiring on the shelves. Implementing the ABC classification system allows inventory to be categorised according to a measure of importance, to allocate control efforts from most important to least important (Stevenson 2017). Categorising items such as meat and milk as high priority Category A items is necessary, as these items have a short shelf life and need to be closely monitored to meet demand, while still moving quick enough that the product does not expire before it is purchased, which becomes another cost factor (Mills-Harris et al. 2006). Ordering priority items in smaller, more frequent quantities (with lead time factored) will reduce the holding costs of the inventor y in the supermarkets, however it will increase ordering costs as the number of orders needed to satisfy customer demand will increase. On the other hand, reducing the level of stock on hand will reduce the chance of product expiring and ensure the product is fresh and new. The ABC classification system can also be used to classify items based on demand, as well as seasonal periods. Including this information in the inventory system can go a long way to help inventory managers decide on when to order products and how much to order each time. Solution 2: Physical Stock Count Woolworths utilise both a periodic system and perpetual inventory system for inventory counting. The perpetual inventory system gives inventory managers a fairly accurate idea of stock levels for products in real time, where they will make orders once the stock levels have dropped to a predetermined minimum level (Stevenson 2017). To make sure this system is as accurate as possible, the periodic system needs to be performed more frequently to identify discrepancies quicker and reduce how many occur. Frequency of inventory review has been found to negatively correlate with inventory record inaccuracy, as discrepancies are easier to spot when inventory reorders are being placed, or when inventory is being physically replenished (Barratt et al. 2010). Doing a physical count of stock more often will help keep stock levels in the perpetual inventory system in check, which will contribute to the correct ordering sizes and will save Woolworths a lot of money in holding and ordering costs. Solution 3: Large Quantity Order Another way to keep stock levels in check is to properly train inventory managers and staff using RFID guns in the supermarkets. For example, staff scanning purchases at the checkout could be entering multiple quantities of one type of flavour of a product, when the customer has a few different flavours. This then throws out the stock levels of each flavoured product, as each flavour has either been entered too much or not entered at all. Correctly training staff with RFID in the beginning and then frequently reminding them of the importance of correct entry of sales is important. These reminders can be exercised with posters at register stations, trolley challenges and discussed at monthly staff meetings and stock takes. Highlighting the importance of keeping stock levels accurate to staff will go a long way to help maintain accurate stock levels in the perpetual inventory system that Woolworths have in place. Conclusion A strategic analysis shows that Woolworth growth is supported by its commitment towards its customers, leading to expansion of its operation. The internal environment has impacted the potential growth of Woolworth by the adaption of strategies such as fair price policy strategy and continuous innovation strategy and it should also adapt a strategy of training skilled employees. Australian industries face external environment conditions such as changing social patterns; political conditions i.e. government influence, technology and adverse economic conditions which affect Woolworth Limited negatively. With respect to market mix, quality of retail industry is a key factor and Woolworth promotes its brand on quality basis References 24sevenwriters (2013). Strategic Management analysis of Woolworth Supermarket. [online] 24SevenWriters. Available at: https://lastfreelance.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/strategic- management-analysis-of-woolworth-supermarketupd/, viewed on 3 October 2017. Barratt, M, Rabinovich, E Annibal, C 2010, Inventory accuracy: Essential, but often overlooked, Supply Chain Management Review, 14(2), 36. Majumder, N. (2012). Woolworths Ltd - A Case Study Report | Strategic Management | Retail. [online] Scribd. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/99563233/Woolworths-Ltd-A-Case-Study-Report viewed on 1 October. 2017. Mills-Harris, M, Soylemezoglu, A Saygin, C 2006, Adaptive inventory management using RFID data, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 32(9-10), pp.1052-1052. Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday Business. Stevenson, WJ 2017, Operations management, 12th edn McGraw Hill Irwin, New York. com.au. (2017). About Us - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. com.au. (2017). The Woolworths Story - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/The_Woolworths_Story/How_We_Were_Founded/ [Accessed 2 Oct.

Transformational Leadership Styles

Question: Discuss about the Transformational Leadership Styles. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is ubiquitous in all aspect of life, and it is a key determinant of the success of any institution. It encompasses creating and perpetuating an environment that motivates individuals towards attaining a common goal (Kippenberger 2012). After completing my bachelor of science in nursing degree, I was privileged to work in a local hospital as a chief nurse. My principal role was to guide other colleagues towards the achievement of the institution goal. I realized that client satisfaction was core to the success of the system. I commenced by purposefully creating an enabling environment that motivated and promoted the growth of all staff. I endeavored to see that I arrived at the workplace on the stipulated time. Moreover, the staffs opinions were sought during the decision making exercise. These moves were deliberately made to promote modeling and to act as motivators respectively. Also, to enhance motivation and promote trust and respect, I delegated senior duties to all staffs on a rotational basis. As per the above reflections, its evident that I had embraced transformational leadership. This style of leadership mainly focuses on empowering people to perform maximally (Tomey 2015). According to Tomey (2015), transformational leadership apart from substantially enhancing patient satisfaction which is our core vision, it promotes the retention of the workforce. My endeavors above are in tandem with the transformational style of leadership which culminates in motivation, trust, respect and the empowerment of the employees. All these will create employee ownership of the institution thus enabling them to work to their maximum potential, and this will translate to patient satisfaction. Also, the environment fostered by this style may weaken the employees desire to quit the institution. Consequently, proper skill will be continuously available hence improved healthcare provision. Im a team builder and a good team player. During my sojourn at the hospital, teamwork was a necessity. This virtue emanates from me believing that others too can be valuable resources for learning. The others opinions towards patient management are given an interest. This move in return has made my suggestions more receptive. Additionally, Im an excellent communicator. I can foster a trusting and respectful relationship with my colleagues through effective communication. However, one of my weaknesses is that I exhibit some emotional instability. This aspect is mainly depicted under immense frustrations especially when dealing with stubborn patients or their significant others. Emotional stability is a critical quality that a good leader ought to possess as it nurtures a healthy interpersonal relationship that greatly influences the achievement of the pre-determined goals. Through education, I have almost overcome this weakness as I'm preparing to be a good leader (Kippenberger 2012). While still working as a matron in the local hospital, a patient who had been treated in our facility sometime back, stormed into the hospital one morning, yelling that the hospital was doing nothing to improve her health despite her spending a fortune in both medication and treatment. She had confronted a nurse who had administered drugs to her. She claimed that, even after consuming the full prescribed dose, she still experienced a persistent headache. I approached the patient and requested her to calm down.I assured her that all was to be well and that whatever she was doing was her right. Afterward, I contacted a medical doctor who reviewed and changed her prescription. The patient left our facility satisfied as backed up by her frequent visits to our hospital for checkup and treatment. The steps that I took vividly demonstrate that effective leadership skills were put in place. I not only embraced teamwork but also I exercised emotional stability when dealing with the client (To mey 2015). References Kippenberger, T. (2012).Leadership styles. Oxford: Capstone Pub. Tomey, A. (2015).Transformational leadership in nursing. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book.

Corporate Law for Text and Essential Cases- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Law forText and Essential Cases. Answer: Case Study 1 As per the given case the directors of Uninest Ltd relied on the opinion of Neales, the board of directors of the company passed a resolution so as to grant interest free loan to one of the directors, Gilligan. Pursuant to the above, Gilligan was issued the requisite shares. It is seen in the case study that Neales is a consultant who is working for Uninest and she has taken many decision on behalf of the company (Hahn, Peter and Meziane Lasfer 2015). Therefore, the directors of the company relied on the decisions of the Neales and passed a resolution granting to lend Gilligan a sum of $30 million which is interest free. It is seen that this strategy is formulated so that there is significant rise in the price of the shares and thus it will make Urbanlodge Ltd difficult to take over the management of the company (Hung and Humphry 2015). The Corporations Act ,2001, which lays down the duties of the directors of the companies which is subject to a business judgment rule and in pursuant to which the director is required to make decision in good faith and for a valid purpose. There should not is any personal interest in relation to the judgment (Lanis, Roman and Grant Richardson 2012). The directors shall convey to the rest every aspect to the decision so that they are able to believe on appropriateness. They shall believe that the decisions are taken care of in the best interest of the business. As per Section 180, of the Act all the directors and other officers shall exercise their powers to disclose the powers so that they are able to discharge their duties with care and diligence. Section 181 of the Act provides that the directors shall on good faith undertake the interests of the company and for a valid purpose (Richardson et al., 2013). The Court has applied the business rule in supplied a statutory support. In the case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission v. Mariner Corporation Ltd. (2015) it is seen that in order to ascertain the breach of duty it is essential to assess that the application of the business judgement rule is illustrated as per Section 180 (1) of the Act (Sealy, Len and Sarah Worthington 2013). The following is taken into consideration for determining the liability: The surrounding circumstances and the terms of constitution and the nature of business and composition of the board. The role of the directors and the responsibilities that are distributed with other officers, reporting systems and other requirements of company. The applicable legal Constitution In the above scenario the company in order to avoid the takeover and to lend a large amount of amount to one of the directors so as to enable him to make a purchase the share of the company at a higher rate. It can be seen that the comapny took thsi decision on the advice of teh consultant Neales.This shows that the director has failed to exercise diligence or care in doing the correction action. Thus, the resolution was passed for granting interest free loan to one of the directors of the company was completely based on the decision of Neales. All the directors relied upon the decision of Neales and have failed to take the decision by application of their own skills and experience (Van den Berghe and Lutgart 2012). In the case, the court in ASIC v. Rich (2009) says that both the directors and officers of the company are under an obligation to inform them on what decision they have taken. In light of the above case law and the judicial pronouncement it can be stated that the directors failed to comply with the business judgement rule as they did not inform themselves about the subject matter and relied only on the opinion of Neales. Thus it was the breach the duty of care and diligence. Further, these laws are equally applicable on to the officers and hence, Neales is also s liable as he also failed to assess all the aspects of the decision (Austin and Ramsay 2012). Case Study 2 In the case study, Primo is one of the construction companies, who has been working with Land stock. Shane was the director as well as shareholder of Primo is appraised with the fact that Land stock is soon going to call for tenders in respect to building a warehouse around a major port. Shane in between formulates a new company in the name of Iconstruct Limited .Shane did not inform the directors of Primo about the new company and submits a tender to Land stock for construction of the said warehouse. Shane was aware about the tender quotation which was submitted on behalf of Primo and this was submitted at a lower price in the submission by Iconstruct Ltd (Cassidy ,Corporations Law Text and Essential Cases 2013). As per section 183(1) of the Act specifically prohibits a director or other officers from improperly using a confidential information for personal interest or against the interest of the corporate. In the case of ASIC v. Stephen William Vizard (2005) the court refrains the director from using an information which was obtained during the course of his position of director in the company for an improper use (Ciro and Symes 2013). This section is equally applicable on directors who are currently holding the position in the corporate or who have held such a position in the past. While dealing with a case under this section, court also takes into consideration the character of the director or officer being assessed. In the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. ABB Transmission and Distribution Ltd (2002) a contrary view was taken by the court, stating that nature of offence shall be the primary consideration, rather than the character of the person. Apart from this specific duty under Section 183, a director is also imposed with Fiduciary duties which are directly owed to the company (Davenport and Parker 2012). The duty of director is base on the trust and faith and in pursuance to this duty, directors shall not indulge in situations where they are not able to act in best interest of the company or there arises a situation of conflict of interest. In the case of Fodare Pty Ltd. v. Shearn (2011) it was opined by the court that under the fiduciary duty, a director is under an obligation to always act for a proper purpose with reasonable care and diligence and shall not in any instance improperly use the position. The act considers it as an offence which shall be specifically established on the basis of following elements: Possession of confidential information which may have material impact on the operations or profitability of corporate. Such an information is not generally available The concerned person is involved in trading, where the said confidential information is highly relevant. In pursuance to the same, it can be stated that the Shane had acted in breach of the duty enumerated in Section 183(1) of the Act as well as is liable for the offence of Insider Trading. In the present case, Shane was occupying the position of Director in Primo Ltd., and because of this information was aware of the price quotation which the company was going to bid before Landstock. These facts clearly establish that Shane has conducted the offence of Insider Trading. Moreover, he has also acted to breach the general duties of acting in good faith and with loyalty. In addition, he has also breached the duty to not make improper use of information or position which one has owing to his/her position in the company (Fisher , Anderson and Dickfos 2017). Part B Section 1043B J of the Act provide for certain statutory exceptions which includes insurance underwriters or disclosing the information in pursuance to a legal obligation. Further, Section 1044A of the Act also states that communication of an information in the normal course, with no intention of contravention shall also account for a valid defence to the offence of insider trading. The Act provides for penalty for committing this offence which could be upto $450,000 fine and/ or 10 years of imprisonment. Thus, the liability imposed for committing this offence is criminal in nature (Harris, Hargovan and Adams 2013). Recently, in the year 2016 the court dealt with the case of a Sydney stockbroker in the name of Oliver Curtis who imprisoned for insider trading. It was ascertained that he had made illegal profits to the tune of $1.4million. In this case, it was also stated that the nature of offence reduces the consideration which is laid on the good character of the offender. Thus, in the present case though this is one of the first instances Shane has undertaken such a criminal action; the liability shall not be reduced (Fitzpatrick et al. 2014). On the other hand, the breach of general duties imposed by the Act shall impose civil obligations, the court may require payment of pecuniary penalty which could be upto $200,000 to the Commonwealth and compensation to the concerned company for an amount of which loss has been sustained by the business (Hanrahan, Ramsay and Stapledon, 2013). Case Study 3 The given factual scenario involves Dronebotics Ltd. which is a start up and is indulged in manufacturing as well as supplying of autonomous drone systems. These drone systems operate with the usage of automatic flying robots and are programmed to accomplish the tasks of monitoring, inspecting, surveying and then returning to base station. Another company in the name of CorpGain Ltd. approaches Dronebotics Ltd for procuring the autonomous drone systems. CorpGain is into agribusiness and intends to use this system for inspection of towering grain silos. It has been ascertained that this is a very dangerous task for being performed by the employees and also imposes an obligation to comply with strict safety regulations (Hoad, Richard and Ian Ramsay 2013). Frank and Diane, the two executive directors of the company are keen on taking up the project, in order to make expansion in different industries. It has been noted that the two mentioned directors have the tendency to take risks while undertaking business operations and hence are of the opinion to enter into the agreement. On the other hand, Ron and Kelly are the other two non-executive directors, who are of the opinion that entering into this agreement is not feasible for their current level of business. It is being argued by them that their present technological capability is not enough to effectively undertake the complex task as required by CorpGain Ltd, and shall also require considerable cost as well as research for developing suitable software. It is important to note that Ron and Kelly are experts who submit report to the board in respect to feasibility of the projects with the current level of operations (Li and Riley, 2012). Scenario A Director's of a corporate owe obligation both under general law as well as relevant statute and this classification further enables the court to determine appropriate remedies which are available. In equity, the director's are under an obligation of fiduciary relationship which sets a high standard of loyalty. These duties have been further incorporated into the Act in the form of General Duties of Director. Section 181, 182 and 183 of the Act imposes a general duty on the directors. In the recent case of Jaques v. AIG Australia Ltd. (2014) it was opined by the court that both executive and non-executive directors are under an obligation to abide the legal requirements of the position of directors, however, have certain distinctions in the manner they are expected to play their respective roles (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh 2014). Thus, in pursuance to Section 180 (1) the directors are required to comply with the business judgment rule, in pursuance to which statutory duty of care and diligence shall be completely complied with by the parties. In pursuance to the same, directors are under an obligation to be informed about the subject matter to the decision to the extent it leads to development of a reasonable belief that the decision is appropriate. However, in the present case, Frank and Diane, in spite of being the executive directors failed to exercise this duty. This could be established from the fact that both of them refused to attend the meeting wherein the experts had opined that entering into a contract with CorpGain shall not be a feasible decision. Moreover, they also did not read the report which clearly elaborated upon the opinion of experts. Thus, this clearly establishes that Frank and Diane did not completely inform themselves about the decision to enter into a contract with CorpGain. In the case of ASIC v. Healey Ors. (2011) it was opined by the court that every director shall be considered accountable for decisions undertaken by the board. The courts of the nation have adopted a consistent approach towards duties of the director and have opined that each of them shall strictly make every effort to maintain high standards in performing their duties. It is important to note that Ron and Kelly made every effort to assess the decision of entering into a contract with CorpGain and in pursuance to the same attended the concerned meeting to be informed about decision of the experts. However, they lacked in consistently exercising care and diligence while undertaking their decisions. The fact that their decision was influenced by the dominant opinion of Frank and Diane, leads us to conclude that they were not able to effectively fulfill the requirements of their duty. Scenario B In the event the experts are of the opinion that the project is feasible to be undertaken considering the current level of technology, it would be rightful of the parties to given their assent to the decision. However, if in such an event also Frank and Diane fail to inform themselves about the aspects of judgment, they shall be considered to have failed to exercise their respective duty (Redmond, 2013). Further, as mentioned in the facts of the case the drone system is supplied to CorpGain. While using the same they face a technical difficulty, which makes it impossible to be used. It is then found that the technological abilities of the company is not competent fulfill the required task. It can be stated that in the opinion of court every director is accountable for the decision being undertaken by the entire board, as it is based on the consent of individual directors. However, some of the defenses which could be raised by the director are Honest and Reasonable director Defense. In pursuance to this defense, it could be argued by Ron and Kelly that they had taken the decision relying upon the advice of experts and had acted in a reasonable manner. Further, in pursuance to the decision of ASIC v. Rich (2003) it can be stated that the directors also have the right to raise a defense on the basis of Business Judgment Rule as enumerated in Section 180(2) of the Act. 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