tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31031356514558794882024-03-13T13:09:07.551-07:00Book reportPopular Essay Topics For College Us HistoryNala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.comBlogger393125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-39018623963179909742020-09-04T03:07:00.001-07:002020-09-04T03:07:17.918-07:00The Process Of Recycling Essay Example For StudentsThe Process Of Recycling Essay The Process Of Recycling Essay Reusing was first idea of in 1776 during the war of Independence from England. Americans reused salvaged materials to help battle the war. However, it wasnt until 1895 when the primary private waste program in the U.S. was imagined in New York. The science behind reusing is the possibility that everything courses. For example, in the event that you spared a case of grain and put it into your reusing canister, that crate of oat can be made into a bundle of papers, or a paper, or a tissue box, and the conceivable outcomes are huge. Basic family unit things that are reused are papers and paper towels, aluminum, plastic, glass soda pop compartments, steel jars, and plastic clothing cleanser bottles. The way toward reusing can be separated into three stages. The initial step is assortment and handling. In this stage one would search for things to reuse, they can be found on curbsides, drop-off focuses, repurchase focuses, and store/discount focuses. We will compose a custom exposition on The Process Of Recycling explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now These things are then arranged, cleaned, and arranged into attractive products for assembling at a materials recuperation office. In the subsequent advance, the assembling step, the recyclables are then made into new things containing either aggregate or fractional reused content. The buying reused items step is the last. This progression finishes the hover of reusing, where shoppers however the reused things. The entire reason for reusing is to reuse things to decrease the measure of waste in the earth. It helps nature since it limits the measure of waste, there will be less space taken up by trash dumps and the earth will be by and large more clean. One method of testing the reusing procedure is to ensure the reused ecological testing solvents will be as unadulterated as the new dissolvable. Tainting solvents and analytes are expelled in the dissolvable reusing process. Anyway there are a couple of issues with the reusing procedure. One is that it takes too long to even consider sorting and dump the things, and this normally implies lost funds some place since somebody must be paid for constantly it takes to sort the things. A subsequent issue is that so as to reuse things, they should be dry. Paper can't get wet since individuals won't have any desire to manage it. Likewise, individuals will be more averse to dump aluminum jars that despite everything have fluid in them. At last, a third issue with reusing is that there should be a helpful area for the reusing containers, just as reusing dumpsters, the space taken up could mean less parking spots. Later on reusing will improve by diminishing much progressively squander by expanding utilization of lighter check materials, which offer noteworthy vitality and cost sparing with no penance or quality or execution. Sources http://www.taormina.com/mrfrcyhis. html http://www.recover.com/mat_recyc_proc.html http://www.afn.org/afn21661/Problems. htm http://www.brinstrument.com/fragmentary refining/enviro-dissolvable recycling.html http://www.sheildsbag.com/pg5. htm . Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-3563577723075442222020-09-03T14:44:00.001-07:002020-09-03T14:44:07.619-07:00Between vs. In BetweenBetween versus In Between Between versus In Between Between versus In Between By Maeve Maddox A peruser needs to know how between and in the middle of contrast in utilization: It would be ideal if you clarify the utilization of the term ââ¬Å"in between.â⬠Itââ¬â¢s been numerous years since I heard anybody state this. I generally thought it was pointless to consolidate the words ââ¬Å"inâ⬠and ââ¬Å"betweenâ⬠. Whatââ¬â¢s the distinction in the event that you state that one thing is between something else instead of saying that itââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"in betweenâ⬠? When between capacities as a relational word, setting in before it is nonstandard utilization. The accompanying features, for instance, are wrong: Off base: Woman bites the dust strolling in the middle of tram vehicles Right : Woman kicks the bucket strolling between metro vehicles Off base: You dont need to enter spaces in the middle of the numbers/letters. Right : You dont need to enter spaces between the numbers/letters. Off base: How Many Hurdles are In Between a Thief and Your Phone Data? Right : How Many Hurdles are Between a Thief and Your Phone Data? The expansion of in is adequate when the expression ââ¬Å"in betweenâ⬠capacities as a thing or a modifier. 1. In the middle of as thing Josie feels like an in the middle of, caught between her familyââ¬â¢s Italian culture and the Australian culture of her friends. (thing meaning, ââ¬Å"a individual who doesnââ¬â¢t have a place in both of two groupsâ⬠) Commonly, guardians feel like the main decision is to have [the baby] nod off in your arms or deal with it, yet there truly is an in the middle. (thing meaning, ââ¬Å"an elective that lies between two extremesâ⬠) 2. In the middle of as descriptive word A ââ¬Å"in-betweenâ hopâ⬠is a baseball term that demonstrates a bobbed baseball that arrives at an infielder at the midpoint of its upward ricochet. (descriptor portraying bounce) Understudies on vacation faceâ an in the middle of world.â (adjective portraying world) Main concern: When utilizing between as a relational word, donââ¬â¢t prelude it with in. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingStory Writing 101Inspiring versus Helpful Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-26351784581210411772020-08-23T00:22:00.001-07:002020-08-23T00:22:37.046-07:00Looking At The Implications Of Teenage Pregnancy Social Work EssayTaking a gander At The Implications Of Teenage Pregnancy Social Work Essay The pace of high school pregnancy has diminished incredibly inside the previous years yet it is as yet a monstrous issue which needs tending to. Pregnancy rates in the United States are as yet higher than those in other industrialized countries à ¢Ã£ ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã¢ ¬ this is the situation despite the fact that American youngsters are no more explicitly dynamic than adolescents of different countries. Late measurements concerning the youngster birthrates are disturbing. Around 560,000 high school young ladies conceive an offspring every year. Right around one-6th of all births in the United States are to high school ladies and eight out of ten of them are of unintended and unforeseen pregnancies. By the age of eighteen, one out of four young ladies will have gotten pregnant. The pace of adolescent pregnancies might be high among low pay African-American, Hispanics, and those in downtown ghettos; it is higher still among poor, white, young ladies who live in little urban communities. The subject of which young person is well on the way to become pregnant can be replied by knowing mentalities towards the social results of pre-adult parenthood. Those people understanding that parenthood at an early age will confine their odds of instruction; will in all likelihood be impacted to not have a spontaneous pregnancy, on the off chance that they are exceptionally energetic to become experts later on. The higher a womans level of instruction, the more probable she is to delay marriage and childbearing. Young people with small tutoring are regularly twice as likely as those with more instruction to have a child before their twentieth birthday celebration. Some 58% of young ladies in the United States who get not exactly a secondary school instruction conceive an of fspring when they are twenty years of age, contrasted and 13% of young ladies who complete in any event twelve years of tutoring. Young ladies who become pregnant who gotten pregnant during secondary school are bound to drop out because of the unnecessary remaining burden which is difficult to adjust. A high schooler mother leaves school since she can't deal with the assignment of thinking about an infant and considering, and a teenager dad normally picks work over school so he can take care of tabs and accommodate his youngster. High schooler moms typically have less assets than more seasoned moms since they have had less an ideal opportunity to accumulate investment funds or fabricate their resumes through work understanding, instruction, or preparing. Along these lines, high schooler moms are commonly poor and are subject to government support. The government assistance framework is generally the main help a teenager parent will get. Government assistance benefits are higher for families with missing dads or ward youngsters. Passionate pressure is likewise another issue which high school moms need to manage alongside monetary strains. High schooler moms may have constrained social contacts and kinships since they don't possess energy for something besides their child. Absence of a public activity and time for herself may make the high school mother become discouraged or have serious mental uneasiness. Sadness may turn out to be more terrible for a young mother since she typically doesn't think a lot about youngster advancement or about how to think about their kids. Youngsters who are destined to high school moms typically experience the ill effects of poor child rearing. Likewise, offspring of young guardians begin being explicitly dynamic before their companions and they are bound to become adolescent guardians themselves. These youngsters may likewise experience the ill effects of money related challenges like that of their folks. Kids whose moms are age seventeen or more youthful are multiple times a s likely as their friends to be poor, and are probably going to remain poor for a more drawn out timeframe. Youngsters destined to high school moms are likewise at a scholarly weakness. Youngster moms face more prominent wellbeing dangers than more established moms, for example, frailty, pregnancy instigated hypertension, toxemia, unexpected labor, cervical injury, and even demise. A considerable lot of these wellbeing dangers are because of insufficient pre-birth care and backing, as opposed to physical youthfulness. The adolescent mother is bound to be undernourished and endure untimely and delayed work. Passing rate from pregnancy complexities are a lot higher among young ladies who conceive an offspring under age fifteen. Poor dietary patterns, smoking, liquor and medications increment the danger of having an infant with medical issues. The more youthful the young mother is, the higher the odds are that she and her infant will have medical issues. This is for the most part because recently pre-birth care, assuming any, and poor nourishment. A youthful mother and her child may not get enough supplements and, in light of the fact that the moms body isn't completel y full grown, and consequently she may have numerous difficulties all through the term of her pregnancy. Alongside the mother, the offspring of high school guardians time and again become piece of a pattern of unforeseen weakness, school disappointment, and destitution. Babies destined to young moms are at a high danger of rashness, delicate wellbeing, the requirement for serious consideration, cerebral paralysis, epilepsy, and mental hindrance. Low birth weight is the most quick medical issue. Children destined to adolescents are frequently brought into the world excessively little, too early. The passing rate for babies whose moms are under fifteen years old is twofold that of children whose moms are twenty to thirty years of age. Some examination demonstrates that the level of high school birthrates has declined essentially in light of the fact that less youngsters are having sex and more youths are utilizing contraceptives. Specialists state that the ongoing patterns in sexual movement and prophylactic use are the consequence of various variables, remembering more noteworthy accentuation for forbearance, increasingly moderate perspectives about sex, dread of contracting explicitly transmitted sicknesses, the notoriety of durable anti-conception medication strategies, for example, the preventative embed, Norplant, the injectable Depo-Provera, and even in view of the economy. Moreover, scientists express that youngsters have gotten fairly increasingly preservationist in their perspectives about easygoing sex and without any father present childbearing. Some characteristic this adjustment in demeanor for the most part to worry about explicitly transmitted illnesses. Others state that it is a result of the inclu sion of moderate strict gatherings in the open discussion over sexual conduct. Numerous scientists accept that the solid economy and the expanding accessibility of employments at the lowest pay permitted by law have added to less births among adolescents. Americans, be that as it may, appear to be against a portion of the strategies utilized by these different associations to diminish the adolescent pregnancy rates. The most dubious part of pre-adult pregnancy counteraction is the developing development to furnish young people with simple access to contraceptives. Adolescent pregnancy causes numerous issues for the mother, kid, and economy. There are, in any case, a few frequencies where the mother beats this down-slope pattern and makes an effective life for her and her kid. The result of adolescent pregnancy turns out better if the mother returns to class after she has conceived an offspring. Remaining in school may assist with keeping high school moms from having a subsequent pregnancy. The result is additionally better if the mother keeps on living with her folks so they can assist with bringing up the youngster. Youthful, youngster moms need social insurance for themselves just as their kids. A youthful mother likewise needs a lot of consolation to get her to stay in school. Single adolescent moms likewise need work preparing so they can find a decent line of work to help themselves and their kids. Adolescent moms should be educated child rearing and life-the board abilities and furthermore need high caliber and reasonable childcare for t heir kids. Schools that give childcare focuses nearby lessen the occurrence of adolescents dropping out of school. These school programs additionally decline the probability that the high schooler mother will have more youngsters. Since the legislature has started to make a move in forestalling adolescent pregnancies, the rate has kept on declining. The huge quantities of youngsters in Americaas well as the qualities, wellbeing, instruction, abilities they gainwill significantly influence the eventual fate of society. The degrees of instruction accessible to more youthful people is a lot more prominent than that which was accessible to their folks and the desire is that youngsters accept the open door and activity to acquire more significant levels of training. The quantities of ladies become pregnant during their high school years is declining, albeit gradually, the same number of young ladies perceive the effect which childbearing has on instruction. It has likewise diminished as guardians and networks demoralize sexual action, marriage and parenthood at youthful ages. These ongoing patterns will doubtlessly instruct youthful juvenile young people about the outcomes and dangers of adolescent pregnancy and lessen the occurrence of teenager pregnancy and labor by and large whenever proceeded. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-5524241549280655122020-08-22T21:39:00.001-07:002020-08-22T21:39:32.586-07:00Defining the Cloud Architecture and Reasons for Deploying ItQuestion: Characterizing The Cloud Explain Architecture And Reasons For Deploying It? Answer: Presentation Distributed computing is continuously turning into the need for each association because of its exceptional highlights and security. It additionally offers assortments of alternative for each gathering of association with the goal that it can bolster well in the reason. Distributed computing additionally helps in understanding the market very well and can create better choices (Rosado Bernardino, 2014). Distributed computing additionally points in giving effective work. The accompanying report examines about the diverse cloud designs and the issues related on having mixture cloud engineering. Cloud Architecture that is valuable for SoftArc Engineering There are different kinds of cloud benefits that can be sent by SoftArc so as to meet the board system. Some are as per the following: Repetitive Storage Architecture Flexible Disk Provisioning Architecture Administration Load Balancing Architecture Dynamic Scalability Architecture Asset Pooling Architecture Characterizing the Cloud Architecture and purposes behind sending it Asset Pooling Architecture: It a kind of design where all the indistinguishable IT asset pools are gathered and put away in a framework and later kept up by the framework which guarantees that the entirety of the assets remain synchronized with every other asset (Alamri et al., 2013). The principle reason of sending it on the grounds that with this, the organization can store every one of their assets inside a solitary framework and they can recover these assets from anyplace and the best piece of utilizing this engineering is that every one of them works at the same time meaning this will make the procedure a lot quicker and furthermore makes it proficient (Almorsy, Grundy Mller, 2016). Dynamic Scalability Architecture: It is a kind of structural model that is totally chips away at pre-characterized framework having scaling condition that helps in setting off the dynamic distribution of all IT assets from asset pools. It is firmly identified with Resource Pooling Architecture. The purpose for utilizing this design is that it helps in apportioning dynamic stockpiling that is those spaces can be changed later which is unimaginable in static stockpiling. Administration Load Balancing Architecture: It is a sort of cloud engineering that is explicitly intended to downsize the cloud administration execution. The principle reason of executing this design is on the grounds that with this, the heap can be equitably conveyed so that there is no heap on a solitary server and furthermore it helps in scaling of the cloud administrations (Almorsy, Grundy Mller, 2016). Versatile Disk Provisioning Architecture: It is kind of design where it helps in giving a unique stockpiling provisioning framework which encourages the cloud clients to be charged for the specific measure of capacity that the individual uses and not for the entire part (Othman, Madani Khan, 2014). The fundamental motivation to consider this design as then SoftArc should pay for the sum stockpiling they are utilizing and not for the entire which will be cost proficient. Excess Storage Architecture: It is a kind of cloud design where a copy optional capacity is presented which fills in as a failover framework and aides in synchronizing the information that is as of now introduced in the distributed storage gadget (Othman, Madani Khan, 2014). The principle explanation for to consider this is it will make a reinforcement and spare the information somewhere else and after that it very well may be consolidated later on with the essential one. Advantages and Issues related with these structures Repetitive Storage Architecture Advantages: It is having high accessibility when it goes ahead distributed storage. It additionally helps in giving elevated level assurance. With the assistance of this, a reinforcement is created naturally which at that point converges with the essential one a short time later. Issues: Redundant Cloud Storage gadgets are for the most part the subject for disappointment and this is brought about by some system availability issues or controller or some broad equipment disappointment or even the security penetrates. Versatile Disk Provisioning Architecture Advantages: The fundamental preferred position of utilizing this cloud engineering is that the organization needs to pay for just the measure of distributed storage it is utilizing and not the rest (Rosado Bernardino, 2014). This usefulness helps the organization from the money related point of view as their expense to organization would be less. Issues: Problem with utilizing this design is that the organizations are given a restricted measure of capacity that they request. In the event that that capacity gets spent, they have to request additional capacity again for which they have to pay additional sum. Administration Load Balancing Architecture Advantages: The advantage of utilizing Cloud Load Balancing is that it is adaptable and is a worldwide character. It helps the organization by taking care of a wide range of traffic spikes without bargaining the exhibition. This is finished by putting a cloud load balancer which helps in auto scaling so meet the necessities. Issues: There are numerous issues that should be thought of while actualizing Cloud Load Balancer like Infrastructure as the fundamental reason for cloud load balancer is to convey the traffic among all the servers in the foundation and without legitimate framework, messages won't get conveyed. Ties are likewise another issue since it is reliant on the framework and under ties; there are different sub parts like the BasicHttpBinding and NetTcpBinding (Sadiku, Musa Momoh, 2014). Dynamic Scalability Architecture Advantages: There are numerous advantages of utilizing this cloud design as these can screen and track runtime utilization with dynamic variances. It is likewise valuable as the hypervisor can be summoned with the assistance of powerfully versatile frameworks which thusly helps in expelling virtual server cases (Alqahtanye et al., 2014). Issues: It can turn out to be extremely repetitive on occasion and furthermore very tedious. When there are numerous solicitations, one of server will gets full stacked. Here the exhibition is decreased with the expansion in servers. Asset Pooling Architecture Advantages: The advantage of utilizing this distributed storage engineering is that with this, it can help in putting away all the IT assets in a solitary spot. It is mostly utilized for the interface with backend frameworks and projects so asset pool organization can be included (Sanaei et al., 2014). This is utilized to create occurrences for IT assets. Issues: As all the frameworks stays synchronized so on the off chance that there is any specialized issue found inside the framework, at that point it turns out to be exceptionally hard for the recovery of data from that devoted pool of assets. Half breed Cloud Strategy chances and moderating with the dangers Recognizing the hazard Conceivable clarification Controlling the hazard IT building plan A crossover distributed computing is a perplexing kind of distributed computing which fundamentally includes all types of cloud administrations like the open mists, private mists and in premises IT. To construct a half breed distributed computing, it requires extraordinary expertise as it must be secure starting with one end then onto the next end so the correspondence becomes secure else anybody can highjack in the center. The best way to control this hazard is that it the cloud based design needs to work by somebody who is very experienced and has gained very aptitude in this field. Information Management Numerous organizations utilizes this stockpiling for mechanization in the their server farms to course information to their levels however for reasons unknown the information may loses all sense of direction in its manner and it very well may be very hazardous. Along these lines, it puts the companys information into a more serious hazard and significantly progressively complex when information goes to some non-server farm goal. The main conceivable approach to relieve these issues is to make a reinforcement for these information and all the courses ought to be caused secure with the goal that the organization to can keep a reputation of each datum and thusly the information will be sheltered. System Visibility Half breed distributed computing can make a few issues as through lost system perceivability. Without border, the danger of security breaks increment. These are regularly powerless as these are outside the control of any business. This can be constrained by applying clear edges so that there probably won't be security break. Likewise the organization should attempt to assume responsibility for their application as they would get assaulted and get defiled and this may hamper their entire framework. Data transmission and inactivity Access of distributed computing essentially works with the web association as without web network, no work can be performed. Danger of idleness for the ongoing information streams and this can be very risky as this can meddle with companys own inside system. This can be stayed away from by making the web accessible and the organization ought to inquire as to whether they are offering rapid web availability or not on the grounds that to work with this, web network is extremely significant for an information correspondence and this guarantees un-interfered with information stream. General Information Security steps and controls Malware Protection: All the frameworks and servers ought to be introduced with against malware barrier instrument as this can help in from getting the framework from being crumpled or in any event, taking of any private information. Filtering for malware over the association in each framework ought to be made mandatory (Arora, Parashar Transforming, 2013). Malware can harm any framework and disabled person the systems administration frameworks which will put an enormous money related weight over the organization. System Security: Protecting the systems administration framework from any sort of outer and interior assault. Dealing with the system edge is extremely significant and all the systems ought to be checked well for any sort of unapproved get to (Kant Sharma, 2013). This ought to likewise attempt to screen any sort of pernicious substance and the system security conventions ought to be looked after carefully. Secure Configuration: Applying security patches to all the exist Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-61186537786788503852020-08-22T19:44:00.001-07:002020-08-22T19:44:04.801-07:00Factors Affecting Marketing StrategyVariables Affecting Marketing Strategy Presentation Marketing procedure is fundamentally fuse of key perspective in the field of advertising. The procedure empowers an association to center its assets to more prominent chances to upgrade deals and accomplish upper hand (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 6).Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing procedures are typically founded on the idea of buyer fulfillment. Promoting procedure is best when it is incorporated into the business system. In such case, it characterizes how the association connects with its clients, makes arrangements and handles its rivals (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 8). Given the way that clients are the significant wellspring of the companyââ¬â¢s pay, advertising system is profoundly connected to deals. The fundamental point of showcasing technique is to adjust advertising to business objectives and goals (Kriemadis Terzoudis, 2007, p. 30). Promo ting procedure likewise goes about as an establishment for the advertising plan and the other way around. Advertising system involves a lot of activity that improves showcasing plan. Thus, showcasing methodology is the establishment of advertising plan expected to fulfill advertise needs and achieve promoting objectives (McDonald, 2002, p. 13). Much of the time the promoting procedure joins business objectives, approaches and exercises into one. Promoting procedure along these lines goes about as the reference point for all the showcasing exercises inside an association (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 10). The point of this paper is to build up a showcasing agenda for Adidas Company that would concentrate on corporate or authoritative capacity, rivalry, target markets and business condition. Advertising agenda is intended to give guidance for the business administrators on variables to consider while defining and actualizing showcasing strategy.Advertising Looking for appraisal on busines s financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advertising agenda likewise assists with upgrading the present promoting exercises and to build up imminent chances. The agenda is likewise intended to push the organization to viably support the necessities of the objective market. Market Analysis Global Sporting Apparel and Footwear Market The contenders of Adidas organization are spread everywhere throughout the world. The value edge between these organizations is little and purchasers can change to various items effortlessly (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 32). Athletic footwear being the most premium items, these organizations center more around the quality and solidness of sports shoes since buyers are likewise searching for good quality and incentive for their cash. Notwithstanding huge global organizations managing comparable items, for example, Puma and Nike, rivalry likewise originate from nearby organizations found in various market fragments. Seventy five percent of the world athletic clothing market and about 20% of the worldwide shoe advertise has a place with confined organizations (Pulendran, Speed Widing 2003, p. 478). The enormous economies of scale are a significant obstruction for new contestants into the business. Entering this market calls for colossal capital venture for creating and advancing a profoundly imaginative item (McDonald 2002, p. 3). Likewise, most buyers are hoping to purchase great items from trustworthy organizations with effectively solid brand names.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Factors Affecting Marketing Strategy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creation of an organization with exceptionally imaginative items and solid brand name in the worldwide market takes an extremely significant stretch of time, along these lines makes it exceptionally difficult for new participants to make due in this industry (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 29). Purchasers have the haggling control and can generally change to equal items when compelled to. Therefore, the worldwide games attire and footwear advertise is portrayed by low value edges and profoundly creative results of both little and huge producers. Purchasers have various brand names to browse, with huge value varieties. The market additionally needs supplements and as a result purchasers have higher bartering power since they are not attached to explicit items (Claycomb, Germain Droge 2000, p. 221). Serious Environment Competitive business condition alludes to the number and sort of contenders inside the business (Salicru, 2010, p. 5). Rivalry differs starting with one market portion then onto the next and in this way it is the obligation of the showcasing chiefs to define reasonable advertising systems for each section (Keegan, 2002, p. 70). Notwithstanding different variables, high rivalry in the market confounds the issues in the business conditio n. Organizations under such conditions ordinarily face high vulnerability and propelled showcasing techniques (Salicru, 2010, p. 5). The greatest adversary of Adidas is Nike, which controls 33% of the worldwide market in sportswear, impressively higher than Adidas. Furthermore, there are other littler contenders found in various corners of the world. In Asia we have Li Ning which is Chinaââ¬â¢s biggest games shoe organization. Every one of these organizations wanting to vanquish Adidas Market share yet with further developed promoting technique Adidas has had the option to counter the entirety of its opponents (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 30). The Adidas bunch utilizes various showcasing methodologies to put its items into the worldwide market.Advertising Searching for appraisal on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Its objective market incorporates huge occasions, for example, the Olympic Games, EUFA Champions Leagues and FIFA World Cups. One of the system utilized by the organization to arrive at its objective market incorporate obtaining of right of sponsorship. Likewise, the gathering has gone into sponsorship manages large clubs and acclaimed sports symbols around the world (Andreasen Kotler 2003, p. 4; Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 32). The Marketing Environment Successful organizations are those that have adjusted to their general condition. Authoritative contact with the earth solidly exists in the showcasing space and the advancement of appropriate advertising techniques (Kotler Armstrong, 2001, p. 25). In the course of recent years, most business writings have given a great deal of consideration in the zone of promoting methodology. The explanation for the developing interest is fundamentally credited to the astounding change in the business condition (both inward and outer situations). In any case, literary works in vital administration and vital promoting center around the outside business condition (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 8). Social Environment Social condition envelops the patterns and segment factors in the objective market, for example, cultural mentalities or segment moves that can either have a negative or positive effect on the promoting system. A case of segment shifts is the instruction levels in the Asian Market which have constrained the organization to spend more cash on staff preparing and special exercises. The high populace in China and Indian has prompted more concentration in the Asian market (Kriemadis Terzoudis 2007, p. 33). The expanding energy for sports has prompted re-marking of Adidas items. Adidas has profited enormously from its endeavors to re-brand its items to the profoundly stylish line of items for multi-utilize and dynamic way of life. The gathering is working connected at the hip with the main style creators to create items tha t are profoundly chic for dynamic and easygoing use. Re-marking has made Adidas increase gigantic advance with the female buyers. Most of the female buyers want items that effectively consolidate design, solace and usefulness. Female customers have consistently stayed undiscovered market portion (Claycomb, Germain Droge, 2000, p. 22). Financial and Political Environment Economic condition alludes to the general monetary state and state of a given state or district. The general state and state of the economy typically have extensive effect on the companyââ¬â¢s dynamic procedure (Salicru, 2010, p. 12). Nations/districts with the sound financial condition and high buyer buying power for the most part draw in a high number of speculators. This doesn't imply that organizations don't wander into zones which are undesirable monetary savvy and have lower customer buying power. Adidas bunch has had the option to create items that suits diverse market portions (Salicru, 2010, p. 14). Under standing the world of politics of the focused on advertise is significant particularly for organizations wandering into remote markets. World of politics includes government arrangements and guidelines that could have a positive and negative effect on the promoting methodologies (Chaneta, 2002, p. 23). Being a global organization, Adidas has additionally gone into understandings and exchanges with various governments in issues identified with laws and guidelines (Dibb, Farhangmehr Simkin, 2001. P. 409). Innovative Environment Technological condition contains PCs and PC frameworks used to oversee organizations today and the foundation that underpins these frameworks and procedures (De Mooij, 2005, p. 101). Changes in innovation improve the dynamic quality and complexity of the business condition (Cravens Piercy, 2006, p. 33), which builds the unpredictability of showcasing technique created by organizations (Chaneta, 2002, p. 24). Adidas Company has gained notoriety for fusing innova tion on its product offering. The organization is intending to expand on this notoriety by presenting new product offerings that join trend setting innovation to improve the exhibition of competitors. For example, presenting competitor shoes with e Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-25090431610690057752020-08-21T22:04:00.001-07:002020-08-21T22:04:35.390-07:00Role of Business Economic DevelopmentPart â⬠1 Introduction Page 1. 1 Background03 1. 2 Financial monetary sector04 1. 3 Microfinance04 1. 4 Economy of Bangladesh05 1. 5 Objectives of the term paper06 Chapter-2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The Garment Industry of Bangladesh 06 2. 2 Agriculture07 2. 3 Textile Sector08 2. 4 Manufacturing and Industry09 2. 5 Banking and Finance10 2. 6 Statistical Position of Economy in Bangladesh 10 Chapter-3 Database 3. 1 Economic Transformation11 3. 2 Economic performance12 Chapter 4 Finding of The Study Page 4. 1 Garments and Textiles 12 4. 2 Spinning 16 4. 3 Frozen Foods 18 . 4 Leather 19 4. 5 Electronics 20 4. 6 Agriculture 21 4. 7 Information Technology 24 4. 8 Pharmaceuticals 25 Chapter-5 Conclusion 5. 1 Summary of Major Findings 27 5. 2 Economic Performance 28 5. 3 Policy Recommendation 28 Chapter â⬠1 Introduction There is no denying the way that the efficient business segment assumes a critical job in the financial improvement of a nation. The significance of an effective monetar y segment lies in the way that, it guarantees local assets preparation, age of reserve funds, and interests in gainful sectors.In truth, it is the framework by which a countryââ¬â¢s generally beneficial and proficient activities are methodicallly and constantly coordinated to the most profitable wellsprings of future development. The budgetary framework not just exchanges assets from savers to financial specialists: it must have the option to choose ventures which will yield the best yields, gather adequate amounts of cash-flow to finance the scope of speculation extends across monetary exercises, represent value hazards across resources, screen execution, and implement contracts.The bigger the business division with regards to the general economy, the more noteworthy the portion of loaning by storehouse instead of national banks, and the more prominent the portion of credit to private area as opposed to open segment, the more prominent is the pace of financial development. The n ation's economy depends on agribusiness. Rice, jute, tea, sugarcane, tobacco, and wheat are the significant harvests. Bangladesh is the world's biggest maker of jute. Angling is additionally a significant monetary movement, and hamburger, dairy items, and poultry are likewise delivered. . 1-Background Bangladesh, since its freedom in 1971, needed to encounter a few military guidelines other than justly chose government related with major political deaths. Despite all the stimulated questions, the nation continually pushed to accomplish monetary, social and formative accomplishment through presentation and execution of various arrangements during the decision time of various chosen governments just as when the nation was proclaimed to be under the crisis rule.Bangladesh, named in the rundown of the creating countries, is honored with a few characteristic focal points over created nations. Instances of such are gigantic stores of oil, flammable gas, coal, timber and the main character istic port of the world that associates SAARC and ASEAN business center point together. The usage of such common resources are shut to zero. Remote benefactors are giving money related guides for reorganization and framework improvement of the nation. Advances are being taken on substantial enthusiasm, by GOB, from World Bank and Asian Development Bank for formative purposes. 1. - Financial monetary division The money related segment comprises of the national bank, Bangladesh Bank, 4 state claimed business banks, 5 government-possessed particular (improvement) banks, 30 household private business banks, 9 remote possessed business banks, and 29 NBFIs. Regarding both industry resources and stores, private business banks order the best piece of the pie. Furthermore, 298 smaller scale credit associations are authorized by the Micro credit Regulatory Authority (MRA). Insurance agencies, stock trades, and helpful banks include a littler piece of the monetary system.As of August 2008 the net household resources of the countryââ¬â¢s banking framework were esteemed at BDT 1. 9 trillion ($28 billion). 1. 3-Microfinance The normal yearly development rate in the microfinance area in Bangladesh over the five years 2003ââ¬2008 was 23 percent. It is relied upon to arrive at 25 percent every year throughout the following three years (2009ââ¬2012) because of developing interest for bigger advance sizes. In spite of its critical outreachââ¬estimated at 60 percent of all Bangladeshi householdsââ¬microfinance resources stay under 2 percent of GDP, having expanded just hardly comparative with GDP since 2001.The complete credit arrangement of the microfinance part is assessed to surpass BDT 135 billion and all out borrowers, to surpass 30 million. In spite of the fact that it is hard to appraise the one of a kind number of microfinance borrowers, considering their cross-obligation to various microfinance suppliers, they likely number 18 million. It is evaluated that a l ittle more than 60 percent of them have salary underneath the destitution line. The Micro credit Regulatory Authority Act of 2006 cutoff points two significant potential MFI subsidizing sources: value ventures and deposits.Foreign cash financing is likewise successfully denied. MFIs all in all approach financing for most MFIs. These sources appear to be sufficient to cover current financing needs. 1. 4-Economy of Bangladesh is a farming driven economy. Aggregate of 54% of the number of inhabitants in the country is legitimately and in a roundabout way associated with cultivating and lives in provincial territories (World Bank, 2011). Because of soil fruitfulness and sufficient gracefully of water, having the gift of thousands of waterways and its branches crisscrossing nationwide.Bangladesh can gather three yields each year. Aside from the way that violent winds and floods harm crops each year, the creation of yields fulfills generous neighborhood utilization need yet are not become adequately enough for send out purposes. Where the two people are occupied with creating outside income and adding to the GDP. The third area which contributes incredibly to the economy of the country is the fare of labor which brings settlements by Bangladeshi specialists working abroad, for example, in Middle-East Singapore, Malaysia, etc.Due to social and strict standards, ladies recently remained inside the compound of their homes and were obligated to deal with the house-hold exercises, though men were viewed as the main worker and leader of the family. CIA World Fact-Book, distributed in 2010, economy structure of Bangladesh is as per the following:- GDP(PPP) $259. 30 Billion GDP Growth 6. 00% GDP(Per Capita) $1,700 Public Debt/National Budget 39. 30%/$11. 43 Billion Inflation Rate 8. 10% Exports $16. 24 Billion Imports $21. 34 Billion External Debts $24. 6 Billion Table-1 Economics Of Bangladesh (Source: CIA World Factbook,2010) Released beat-up report of World Bank, in 2007 , evaluated Bangladesh of turning into a Middle salary nation. It has been proposed, to arrive at the objective, Bangladesh ought to stress to extend its modern base, coordinate more into worldwide markets and organize urban financial turn of events. The nation has enormous stores of flammable gas, oil stores and second rate coal. Every one of these minerals are uncommon and requesting in the worldwide market, exceptionally for modern and Energy-age purposes.Cheap work power focal points make the neighborhood fabricated Products profoundly serious in worldwide markets through FDI, presented and empowered Firstly by the legislature framed in 1991. The significant wellspring of remote income is being Transacted from articles of clothing and materials fare and settlements sent home by Bangladeshi specialists living abroad. 1. 5-Objectives of the research project The expansive target of the investigation is to look at the changes that occurred in Bangladesh and to investigate the budget ary ramifications of the reforms.Followings are the particular destinations of the examination: à · To survey the monetary division change programs; à · To analyze the money related execution of the financial framework in Bangladesh when usage of the financial segment changes; à · To recognize distinctive issue regions of the financial segment of Bangladesh, which despite everything required cautious rebuilding for better execution; and à · To propose some approach measures for fortifying the rebuilding instrument. Section 2 Conceptual issues 2. 1 The article of clothing industry of BangladeshThe piece of clothing industry has assumed a spearheading job in the improvement of mechanical division of Bangladesh. In spite of the fact that it took a fairly poor start I. e. , in 1976 however it before long settled its notoriety on the planet showcase inside a limited capacity to focus time. Resultantly piece of clothing is currently one of the principle send out things of the nation. Moreover, enhancing the nation's economy it has assumed a significant job in lightening joblessness. At present there are in excess of 2,000 one hundred article of clothing production lines in the nation utilizing in excess of 12 need works. 85 percent of the work power is ladies. . 2 Agriculture Most Bangladeshis procure their living from farming. In spite of the fact that rice and jute are the essential harvests, maize and vegetables are accepting more noteworthy significance. Tea is developed in the upper east. On account of Bangladesh's prolific soil and typically adequate water gracefully, rice can be developed and collected three times each year in numerous territories. Populace constrain keeps on putting an extreme weight on gainful limit, making a food shortfall, particularly of wheat. Outside help and business imports fill the hole, yet regular yearning stays a problem.Underemployment stays a difficult issue, and a developing worry for Bangladesh's horticultural segment wil l be its capacity to assimilate extra labor. Discovering elective wellsprings of work will keep on being an overwhelming issue Most Bangladeshis gain their living from horticulture. Despite the fact that rice and jute are the essential harvests, maize and vegetables are accepting more prominent significance. Tea is developed in the upper east. As a result of Bangladesh's fruitful soil and regularly adequate water flexibly, rice can be developed and collected three times each year in numerous areas.Due to a num Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-17983728151648901642020-08-21T19:21:00.001-07:002020-08-21T19:21:30.554-07:00Research paper '' email habit of UCLAN staff and students'' EssayResearch paper '' email propensity for UCLAN staff and understudies'' - Essay Example The investigation has broke down the significance of email in the grounds life. It has gotten to of how every now and again and for what reason messaging helps instructors and understudies in the grounds. Catchphrases Communication; data; innovation; email; messaging propensities; electronic mail. Research Aims and Objectives To reveal the writing featuring the significance of electronic sends. To break down and understand email as an instrument of grounds correspondence. To decide the examples of the utilization of the electronic mail by UCLAN staff and understudies. To draw comprehension of the significance of electronic mail. Writing Review Introduction and Background In the cutting edge time, where innovation (PCs and web) is at each entryway step, individuals need to stay associated. Being associated implies the lifestyle of the cutting edge advanced world [1]. Regardless of those are working men, instructors or understudies everybody is found collaborated and occupied with this post current framework. This is all because of the energetic World Wide Web media which embodies most grounded reconciliation with the expulsion of the holes of correspondence [1]. Correspondence is to have each othersââ¬â¢ direction and backing at the time during work or during recreation period. This prerequisite of correspondence is satisfied through web which has shut down the spaces of society, network and the individuals of the framework [8]. Understudies which are a piece of the general public and are in the most optimized plan of attack bring the best utilization of web. They get coordinated with companions and instructors utilizing distinctive interfacing mediums on the web and on the World Wide Web media [13]. For trading contemplations during recreation time internet based life is for the most part famous in understudies, however when a proper methodology is required, messaging is the correct method to get associated [13]. Adjusting the email design comes out reasonab le and adequate for the two instructors and understudies, as this is the technique lion's share of establishments and schools apply [2]. Messaging adequately associates understudies and educators. It interfaces understudies, instructors and peers and keeps up the relationship of the gatherings during the school time and the off time status. This is the manner by which through messaging propensities, utilization of PC is there among understudies and among the personnel staff individuals [3]. A correspondence circle is kept up and controlled by messaging and the messaging propensities [2]. Hypothetical Framework The contemporary writing features that the utilization of innovation (PCs) and web is broad in school and secondary school level [9]. There are contemplations given to undergrads in understanding their practices and their normal propensities. The analysts have brought up that most of understudies are ongoing in utilizing web where the utilization of web-based social networking is generally dynamic and versatile. In impression of personnel staff individuals, understudies use web to convey [9]. They use it to make a group of friends with companions and furthermore to gain talks and instructional exercises during their off grounds times. The writing features two sorts of correspondence designs that rise up out of understudies and personnel staff individuals. The examples recognized are easygoing in which understudies run over to convey companions and formal in which understudies briefly speak with educators. The creators distinguish that most proper interchanges depend on messaging [5]. Such conventional interchanges are visit through standard messages. Understudies send messages to instructors to take off time support on class addresses and Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-21260704815769729152020-08-21T17:25:00.001-07:002020-08-21T17:25:37.280-07:00Marketing PrinciplesQuestion: Compose an article on the Coca Cola Company. Answer: History of Coca Cola and Background Information The Coca Cola Company is the biggest refreshment selling organization of the world (Pendergrast, 2013). It has enormous number of item brands and it one of the most well known brands on the planet. The organization was established in the year 1886 in the United States of America. The Coca Cola was initially propelled as a patent medication, yet it was gained by Griggs Candler, who drove the soda pop brand to be a market chief in the twentieth century (Pendergrast, 2013). Coca Cola is one of the third most encouraging brands in the whole world, as indicated by an overview in 2015 (Pendergrast, 2013). In the year 2008, the organization stepped up of supporting defining moments and the online nearness in person to person communication sites like Facebook (Pendergrast, 2013). The online action of the organization helped them to accumulate twenty 2,000,000 admirers around the world. The organization has a long history of being a gainful organization and it additionally embraces dynamic st rides in the assurance of the earth and the network. The Coca Cola brand has a gigantic assortment of items like Diet Coke, Coca Cola Vanilla, Coca Cola Cherry, Coca Cola with Lime, Coca Cola zero, Thumbs Up, Fanta, Sprite and others (Douglas Craig, 2013). The fundamental characteristics of the items are diverse fruity flavors joined with the carbonated water, which gives every one of the items an interesting taste (Aaker, 2012). The Fanta, which was obtained by the Coca Cola Company in the year 1960, is a most loved among the individuals. The item is in the development phase of the item life cycle. The item is quick drawing nearer to the decrease stage. Small scale Analysis of Coca Cola Center skills The Coca Cola is an incredibly famous organization with a rundown of center skills (Pfitzer, Bockstette Stamp, 2013). The solid brand name of the organization gives the brand a more noteworthy haggling power. The organization has a wide system and associations with the merchants and bottlers. The enormous number of merchants and contacts of the association makes harmonious connections between them. The organization has figured imaginative business level methodologies, which makes them not the same as their rivals. The organization embraces creative ads that depend on the nearby culture and conventions (Benard, Oketch Matu, 2015). This ad advances the brand name of the organization and makes a separating factor. The organization takes part in broad statistical surveying and puts stock in the development of nearby workplaces so as to grow the client base of the organization. Regions of progress The Coca Cola faces difficulties from the market chiefs like Pepsi and ought to create separation systems. There is a need to guarantee more item expansion techniques, in contrast to Pepsi, which has number of items in the tidbits sections, for example, Kurkure and Lays. The Coca Cola Company has not risen in the wellbeing drink segment, which is a developing area for the wellbeing cognizant purchasers. Target clients The organization doesn't have confidence in a particular section of individuals for advancing its items. The primary shoppers of the Coca Cola items are the youthful age in the 12-30 years age gathering (Kohli, Suri Kapoor, 2015). The organization thinks about every shopper as an objective client and the most extreme potential for the item advancement are in the age gathering of 18-25 years. The brand thinks about the individuals with occupied ways of life and the young people as the most significant objective crowd (Kohli, Suri Kapoor, 2015). The objective customers are typically understudies just as the family arranged individuals. The brand claims to all the buyers independent of sexual orientation, way of life, social class and character. The brand pulls in the white collar class and upper working class families. The brand is considered as a superficial point of interest for some individuals. Key contenders The significant contender of Coca Cola is Pepsi and the circuitous contenders are Red Bull, Vitamin C, Mountain Dew, Lipton and others (Lemley McKenna, 2012). The carbonation amount of Pepsi is 1 gram not as much as that of Coca Cola. The showcasing efforts of Coca Cola utilize an exemplary intrigue and are made for intrigue of all areas of the buyers. The Pepsi take activities of catching the consideration of the more youthful age by alluding to the mainstream society (Miller, 2014). Coca Cola has been authorize for making a portion of the well known TV adverts when contrasted with Pepsi, who principally centers around the pop stars. Large scale Analysis of Coca Cola The Coca Cola is influenced by the political variables like changes parents in law or guidelines, changes in the territory of non-alcoholic business, political conditions (particularly universal markets), capacity to infiltrate in developing markets and others (Kwabo, 2014). The organization observes the monetary variables winning in the market and structures its strategies as needs be (Karnani, 2013). For instance, during downturn the organization used the advances for examine on new items that can underwrite a solid economy. The social elements like the way of life of the individuals, time the executives, socioeconomics of the intended interest group and others, influence the working of the Coca Cola Company (Jackson Ahuja, 2016). The mechanical variables impact the working of the brand, for example, bundling structure, new gear, new arrangement of manufacturing plants and the viability of the brands showcasing, publicizing and limited time activities (Moreira et al., 2013). These components on the whole speak to the PEST examination of Coca Cola. The Porters five powers speculations is applied to Coca Cola and intriguing outcomes has been drawn from it. The danger of new contestants presents medium strain to the brand as Coca Cola is a brand itself (Kokwaro, Ajowi Kokwaro, 2013). It has steadfast client base and expanded piece of the pie for quite a while. There is a danger of substitute items as Coca Cola does not have a completely extraordinary flavor and its taste is fundamentally the same as that of Pepsi. The bartering intensity of purchasers is diminished by the brand faithfulness of the shoppers (Barreto, 2013). The haggling intensity of providers is unimportant as Coca Cola is the biggest client of its providers (Illy et al., 2013). The companys fundamental contender of the organization is Pepsi, which has a wide assortment of drink items. SWOT Analysis Qualities The greatest qualities of Coca Cola are that the organization is generally perceived over the world (Carroll, 2013). The brand can be handily perceived by its unmistakable logo, advancement, shading and style. The customers buy the item due to the taste as well as because of the all inclusive intrigue of the brand. The organization appreciates a devoted base of steadfast clients everywhere throughout the world. The organization appreciates higher brand value, extraordinary organization valuation, immense circulation arrange, tremendous worldwide nearness and the biggest piece of the pie (Carroll, 2013). Shortcoming The Coca Cola experiences an elevated level of rivalry from Pepsi, low item expansion, nonappearance in the wellbeing drink portion and others. The organization has likewise confronted certain water the board issues previously (Rani et al., 2012). They devour immense measure of water in water rare regions, because of which a few gatherings had raised claims against Coca Cola in the ongoing past (Rani et al., 2012). The organization likewise confronted fault for blending pesticides in the drinking refreshment for evacuating the contaminants. Openings The Coca Cola has countless open doors in the food and wellbeing business (Ayub et al., 2013). The enhancement systems and the strategically pitching of their items would end up being helpful for the business. There are a few open doors for the organization in the creating nations, as the purchasers in the creating nations are getting progressively dependent on carbonated beverages. The bundled drinking water of the brand, Kinley, has immense potential for development (Kotler, 2012). There is a need to improve the gracefully chain activities of the Coca Cola Company, which is the foundation of the business. There are number of chances in the lesser selling results of the brand, which the organization ought to advance on committed premise. Dangers The Coca Cola Company faces various dangers like crude material sourcing and the circuitous contenders (Raja Kumar, 2014). There is a rising water shortage, which is the principle element of the Coca Cola. The rising espresso chain outlets like Caf Coffee Day, Starbucks and others, give an intense rivalry to the organization by offering substitute items to circulated air through beverages. PARAMETERS APPLICATION IN COCA COLA Quality Well known, enormous client base, brand value, worldwide nearness, biggest market, immense conveyance arrange Shortcoming High rivalry from Pepsi, low item broadening, water the executives issues Opportunity Food and Health business, enhancement, strategically pitching, flexibly chain activities Danger Crude material sourcing, circuitous contenders, rising water shortage, rising espresso chain Fig: SWOT examination of Coca Cola Source: Created by creator Segment 6: STP The division, focusing on and situating procedures of the organization encourages the association to decide the suitable items for explicit fragments of customer. The organization has no particular market portions yet alters its showcasing techniques by enhancing new items. The organization utilizes a blend of specialty promoting and undifferentiated focusing on systems (Kotler, 2012). The principle aphorism of the organization is to drive deals and for this reason it is essential to perform division and target techniques. The Coca Cola item is satisfactory by all age gatherings, however there are a few items which appreciate a specialty target fragment, for example, Diet Coke. The objective clients of Diet Coke are the wellbeing cognizant customers. The organization has executed serious situating techniques to stay in front of the rivals in the refreshment portion (non alcoholic). The Coca Cola Company ha Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-10443553746961052832020-07-06T08:26:00.001-07:002020-07-06T08:26:03.082-07:00Energy Mix Going Forward and LCOE in Germany (Chapter 2) - 3575 Words Energy Mix Going Forward and LCOE in Germany (Chapter 2) (Research Paper Sample) Content: Energy Mix Going Forward and LCOE in Germany (Chapter 2)NameProfessorInstitutionCourseDate 1 Literature review 1 The history and use renewable power in GermanyGermany's renewable energy part is among the most imaginative and fruitful around the world. Net-generation from renewable energy sources in the German power division has expanded from 6.3% in 2000 to around 30% in 2014. Surprisingly, wind, biogas, and solar based joined represented a bigger segment of net power creation than coal in the principal half of 2014. On Solar day 15 May 2016 at 14:00 hours, renewables supplied about all of residential power request (Ueckerdt, F, 2013).While the peak generation from joined wind and solar oriented achieved a past unequaled high of 74% in April 2014, wind power saw its greatest day ever on December 12, 2014, creating 562 GWh. Germany has been referred to as "the world's first major renewable energy economy".More than 23,000 wind turbines and 1.4 million solar powered PV frameworks are disseminated everywhere throughout the nation's range of 357,000 square kilometers. Starting 2011, Germany's national government is taking a shot at another arrangement for expanding renewable energy commercialization, with a specific spotlight on seaward wind ranches. A noteworthy test is the advancement of adequate system limits for transmitting the power created in the North Sea to the expansive mechanical purchasers in southern parts of the nation.As indicated by authority figures, somewhere in the range of 370,000 individuals were utilized in the renewable energy area in 2010, particularly in little and medium-sized organizations. This is an expansion of around 8% contrasted with 2009 (around 339,500 occupations), and well over double the quantity of employments in 2004 (160,500). Around 66% of these occupations are credited to the Renewable Energy Sources Act.Fig 2.1: Energy distribution in GermanySince the section of the Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in 1997, Germany and alternate conditions of the European Union were working towards an objective of 12% renewable power by 2010 (Ueckerdt, F, 2013). Germany passed this objective ahead of schedule in 2007, when the renewable energy offer in power utilization in Germany achieved 14%. In September 2010, the German government reported aggressive energy focuses on these objectives incorporate, for renewable energy:Fig 2.2: Renewable energy targets in GermanyRenewable energy targets Target 2014 2020 2030 2040 2050 Share of gross final energy consumption 14.5% 19% 32% 48% 64% Share of gross electricity consumption 29.4% 37% 55% 68% 84% Share of heat consumption 13.0% 15% Share in transport sector 6.2% Chancellor Angela Merkel, alongside a larger part of her countrymen, trusts, "As the primary enormous industrialized country, we can accomplish such a change toward proficient and renewable energies, with every one of the open doors that brings for fares, gr owing new innovations and employments"(Muench, 2016).Starting 2014, renewable sources represent 30.6% of the net power generation. Contrasted with the same time of 2013, energy creation from wind, solar based and biomass expanded by 9.9 TWh, while it diminished from fossil energizes by 14.9 TWh, and remained verging on unaltered for atomic and hydro power. 1 Primary energy consumptionGermany's essential energy utilization of 1,449 petajoules or 403 terawatt-hours alludes to the aggregate energy utilized by the country. The last renewable energy utilization, split by the parts in 2015, and with their relative offer, are: * Electricity division, with a renewable energy utilization of 32.6% (195.882 TWh) * Heating division, with a renewable energy utilization of 13.2 % (155.159 TWh) * Transportation division, with a renewable energy utilization of 5.3% (34.263 TWh)Fig 2.3: Renewables as a percentage of primary energy consumption of Germany.Source: Wikipedia energy consumption in German y. 2 The impact of LCOE in GermanyMotivating powers and subsidies, if organized accurately, should make the advancements that meet all requirements for those sponsorships more aggressive. One system that we can use to gauge how this functions, and whether the appropriation or motivating power is liable to be successful, is by taking a glimpse at how the stimulant measures influences the Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) for various operations.Motivators and endowments can influence the LCOE in one of two essential ways: they can diminish the LCOE specifically through expense credits or encourage in tax sort structures, or they can lessen the WACC confronted by the task engineer (i.e., through advance ensures or low/zero-interest advances).Assume that we had a solitary 1 MW wind turbine that expense $1,500 per kW to build. The wind turbine produces 3,000 MWh of power every year and the designer confronts a WACC of 15% every year (Ueckerdt, F, 2013). The operations cost for the wind tur bine is $5 per MWh. The lifetime of the task is thought to be ten years. Keep in mind our equation for the LCOE:LCOE = Levelised fixed cost (LFC) + Levelised Variable Cost (LVC).Here the LVC is $5/MWh. LFC for theoretical wind turbine is $79.70 per MWh, so the LCOE is $79.70 + $5 = $84.70 per MWh (Muench, 2016).Along these lines, to consolidate the effect of the Production Tax Credit (PTC), we simply subtract it from the LCOE. Along these lines, the effect of the Production Tax Credit (PTC) on our theoretical wind turbine is:New LCOE = $84.70/MWh - $22/MWh = $62.70 per MWh.Presently, we should see what happens if we somehow managed to power a carbon expense of $10 per MWh on the coal plant (one MWh of coal-let go power has around one ton of implanted CO2, so a duty of $10 per MWh is generally comparable to a carbon assessment of $10 per ton of CO2). The carbon duty is only a variable expense of operation, so it expands the LVC for the coal plant from $20 per MWh to $30 per MWh. The LCOE ascends by $10 per MWH to $86.93 per MWh. With the carbon assess, the coal plant now appears to be more costly than the wind plant without the Production Tax Credit (PTC). (The wind plant looks a great deal better in the event that it happened to get the Production Tax Credit (PTC) while the coal plant was being burdened for its carbon outflows.)Fig 2.4: Levelized cost of electricity renewable energy technologies in GermanyGerman LCOE in /MWh (2013) Technology Low cost High cost Coal-fired power plants brown coal 40 55 hard coal 65 80 CCGT power plants 75 100 Wind Power Onshore wind farms 45 110 Offshore wind farms 120 195 Solar PV systems 80 140 Biogas power plant 135 215 Source: Fraunhofer ISE - Levelized cost of electricity renewable energy technologies Presently, assume that the wind operations can get an advance that brings down its expense of obligation to 3%. This would bring down the WACC to 11.2% and would bring down the LCOE to $73.49. For this situation, we can se e that the Production Tax Credit (PTC) is more beneficial (i.e., it yields a more noteworthy diminishment in LCOE). 3 Current empirical literature on solar, wind, fossil fuels energy in Germany 2 Direct solar energyAdvancements tackle the energy of solar powered irradiance to create power utilizing photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar based power (CSP), to deliver warm energy (warming or cooling, either through detached or dynamic means), to meet direct lighting needs and, possibly, to deliver powers that may be utilized for transport and different purposes. The innovation development of solar powered applications ranges from RD (e.g., powers delivered from solar powered energy), to moderately develop (e.g., CSP), to develop (e.g., uninvolved and dynamic solar oriented warming, and wafer-based silicon PV). Numerous yet not the greater part of the advancements are particular in nature, permitting their utilization in both incorporated and decentralized energy frameworks. Solar p owered energy is variable and, to some degree, unusual, however the worldly profile of solar oriented energy yield in a few conditions connects generally well with energy requests (Ueckerdt, F, 2013). Warm energy stockpiling offers the alternative to enhance yield control for a few advances, for example, CSP and direct solar oriented warming. 3 Wind energyTackles the motor energy of moving air. The essential use of pertinence to environmental change relief is to create power from huge wind turbines situated ashore (inland) or in ocean or freshwater (seaward). Coastal wind energy advancements are as of now being fabricated and sent on an extensive scale. Seaward wind energy advances have more prominent potential for proceeded with specialized headway. Wind power is both variable and, to some degree, erratic, however encounter and point by point ponders from numerous areas have demonstrated that the mix of wind energy for the most part represents no difficult specialized hindrances (M uench, 2016). 4 Fossil fuelsThe main source of power is coal. The 2007 arrangement to manufacture 26 new coal plants is dubious in light of Germany's dedication to controlling outflows. By 2015, the developing offer of renewable energy in the national power market (26% in 2014, up from 4% in 1990) and the administration's commanded CO2 outflow decrease targets (40% underneath 1990 levels by 2020; 80%... Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-59459786532294845782020-06-24T19:22:00.001-07:002020-06-24T19:22:03.196-07:00Educating Emma - Literature Essay Samples Emma, Jane Austens most comical and spirited novel, is well received for its lively characters and engaging narrative. In yet another story of society verses sensibility, Austen weaves together a myriad of incidents to illustrate how youthful presumptions can distort the bigger picture. In a sense, the storyline of events veils the novels real plot, which is devoted to showing how experience is the schoolmaster of maturation. Austens deeper purpose, therefore, is to demonstrate that the journey of self-discovery is completed through many forms of education. The education of Emma, the kind-hearted but closed-minded heroine, particularly relies on a combination of lessons that improve her social understanding and awaken her personal awareness. On the surface, it seems that Emma Woodhouse is the blessed child. Austen first describes her as handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition (3). She has never met with someone she could not charm, never encounter ed much that was able to distress or vex her (3). In spite of her good nature and attractive person, Emma suffers from the power of having rather too much her own way, and is also inclined to think a little too well of herself (4). Her main problem, however, is that she is as insensible of these character flaws as she is comfortable with her life situation. All this considered, it is quite evident that Emmas world must be shaken for her complacency will dislodge itself. This earthquake comes when Emmas governess, Miss Taylor, marries. Emmas first and perhaps most challenging lesson, then, is to learn how to subdue her dependency on companionship and grow accustomed to the greatest solitude she has ever known. Austen suggests that independence is the most pivotal education one can have. This concept of being alone may be Emmas first lesson, but it is also the most important one in her progress towards maturation. Until she no longer has the constant company of her former governess and best friend, Emma is blissfully ignorant of her own fear of being by herself. She is likewise unaware of her desire for a husband. In good humour, she allows that love might induce her to matrimony, but the idea of she would fall in love is as absurd as sunbathing in Siberia. Laughing at the idea, Emma heartily declares to Harriet I have never been in love; it is not my way, or my nature; and I do not think I ever shall (78). What Emma omits saying is that it also embodies what she lives in horror of: being powerless. As Bruce Stovel infers, Emma fears love because she considers it to be blind. Emma is exquisitely self-contained: the idea of being out of control, of losing her will in the grip of passion, disturbs her. Oddly enough, it is Emmas perception of love and marriage, the ultimate forms of companionship, which obscure her estimation of their inherent value. If I were to marry, says she, I must expect to repent it (78). Any penitence on her part comes once the shroud of puerile individuality gives way to her sentiments for Mr. Knightley, the man destined to be her husband.Before Emma can admit that she does both want and need a husband, she has to realize the social consequence of married status. To her mind, she will always be so highly regarded that she will gain nothing desirable in a marriage. Thus, she fixes her focus on improving the young Harriet Smith. Harriet, unlike Emma, is not clever, and although she is both pretty and sweet-tempered, she has no idea of her family connections, meaning she has no male relation to establish her station in society. Emma is initially drawn to Harriet by her beauty, but, also, by Harriets impressionable character. More than anything, Emma seems to be enamoured with the idea of having her own protÃÆ'à ©gÃÆ'à ©e for whom she can form her opinions and her manners (20). The friendship she instigates, then, is Emmas expression of her desire for control, as well as her longing to be an irreplaceable person. B eyond that, Harriets role in Emmas enlightenment is instructive because it opens Emmas eyes to her own inaccurate presumptions. Through Harriets attachment to Mr. Elton, the young vicar of Highbury, Emma reaps the consequences of her foolish encouragement of Harriets affections. This is a prime example of how Austen uses the power of influence as a form of education for her heroine. Emma gains a very keen awareness of how she can injure others, despite the good intentions she may have. The Harriet-Elton debacle also teaches Emma about the barriers of social hierarchy. Mr. Eltons high hopes for social aggrandizement are palpable to nearly everyone but Emma and Harriet, who has absolutely no claim in society. As he says, Every body has their level I need not so totally despair of an equal alliance, as to be addressing myself to Miss Smith! (122). Emmas frustration overshadows her own fastidious sense of rank. Once her disappointment for Harriet has subsided, however, she can think of nothing but Eltons impertinence in setting his cap at her. She is almost insulted that he should suppose himself her equal in connection or mind, (125) and is convinced that he must know that in fortune and in consequences she was greatly his superior (126). In other words, Emma sees an impassable chasm between their social ranksvery much like the one he perceives between himself and Harriet. Her conceit is, in many ways, just as pitiful as his. This similarity is yet another form of instruction that Austen uses for her disgruntled pupil. Remarkably, Emma does not realize the significance of this experience until she sees it as a reflection of her own misconceptions. As Bradbury puts it, Emma learnsby analogy. In her moment of enlightenment, she begins to understand how If she had so misinterpreted [Mr. Eltons] feelings, she had little right to wonder that he, with self-interest to blind him, should have mistaken hers (126). Mentorship is another form of education that Austen admi nisters to her heroine. Mr. Knightley, the wealthy gentleman who owns the great estate of Donwell Abbey, best fulfils the role of Emmas present counsellor. With his sensible nature and sound judgment, Mr. Knightley is the one person who consistently forms accurate opinions of the people around him. It is Mr. Knightley who foresees the trouble that Emma might put upon Harriet, despite her well-meaning motives, and it is also Mr. Knightley who first suspects the secret relationship between Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax. Mr. Knightley is a good mentor indeed, for he is one of the few people who could see faults in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them (8). As Emma jokes, Mr. Knightley loves to find fault with me (8). This jest could not be further from the truth, however, because Mr. Knightley is as kind with his criticism as he is discerning of her flaws. Miss Taylor gave her principles, but Mr. Knightley gives Emma conviction. As he says, I will tell you trut hs while I can, satisfied with proving myself your friend by very faithful counsel (347). Mr. Knightley is, to any end, most dedicated to the cause of refining the moral character of his beloved Emma. Austens final and most compelling tutorial is to reveal the twists of fate to her unsuspecting heroine. This is both humiliating and life-changing for Emma, for although her vanity is consistently gratified, her judgment is exposed as a ridiculously fallible guide. Emmas list of erroneous conjectures is lengthy. She was mistaken about Mr. Elton, about Harriets status by birthright, in her judgment of Mr. Martin too harshly; she allows herself to believe that Jane Fairfax might have an improper relationship with her friends husband, Mr. Dixon; she convinces herself that she is in love with Frank Churchill and that he returns her affections; and, finally, she decides that Harriet is quite taken with Frank. As these suppositions prove false, she is able to see the truth. Furthermore, Emma s sudden clarity reveals to her that she loves Mr. Knightley. In addition to studying the authors modes of education, it is worth noting how Emma reacts to her education. Emmas revelations are manifest in rapid streams of consciousness that interrupt the novels general combination of narration and dialogue. These short, disjointed thoughts, accentuated by numerous hyphens and exclamation marks, flow from Emmas racing mind in a surprisingly cogent form. What is of interest, however, is the fact that each of these soliloquies denotes an ingestion of the truth. Her edification is, in essence, the summation of these epiphanic moments. Her maturing can be traced by how long it takes her to recover from these upheavals of distress and emotion. The first outburst, which occurs after Mr. Elton proposes to her, is not poignant enough to keep [her] eyes unclosed at night (127). Emmas youth and natural cheerfulness are, at first, very hard to disturb for any great length of time (127). When Mr. Knightley reprimands Emma for her insolence towards Miss Bates, however, she is so forcibly struck that Time [does] not compose her (347). Her conviction is so deep that she mopes about as though she had never been so depressed (347). Her disposition is similarly inflicted when she believes Mr. Knightley to be in love with Harriet, and in this particular reverie, we see how a crestfallen heroine trembles with shame and lovesickness. As Austen takes Emma through her education, she proves that every experience in life is a lesson when one is willing to be educated. Austen also demonstrates the value of change by revealing the need for it. As she so eloquently phrases it, Seldom, very seldom does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, or a little mistaken (399). This is very much the story of Emmas life, which is little more than a comedy of errors until her maturation has softened the rougher edges of her char acter. It is, indeed, difficult to learn that favouring private assumptions, however well thought out they may be, is as dangerous as judging by appearances. This is the reason, therefore, that Austen uses a plethora of teaching techniques to edify her brightest pupil. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-37469752947270064512020-06-16T00:00:00.001-07:002020-06-16T00:00:06.313-07:00Internet banking and its effect on businesses and people - Free Essay Example Internet banking and its effect on businesses and people Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Methodology Literature Review Whatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s on the Internet? What is an Internet Cookie? How Vulnerable is the Computer System? What does it really do? The Problems We Are Facing: Argument Limiting the Use of Cookies: European Privacy Directive on Electronic Commerce: Analysis Where Does the Problem Lie? The Issues: Who gets to take part in the Data Processing Transfers? Suggestions The problem: Rights of Privacy: Security and Information Systems: Organizational Impacts/Issues: Future: Conclusion References Abstract: The Internet has helped man to carve a world in which everything is a short distance away. It has aided a globalized world in which the speed of transportation and communication is quickened. People do not have to wait for long periods for many things that they used to have to wait for. Reponses are quickened and made so much more convenient to the extent that one can even get a number of jobs done while sitting at home. This indeed refers to the availability of facilities on line that allows one utmost convenience. A person can now access his or her bank account on line and have bills paid. In addition to this, direct access allows one to perform a number of transactions, which allow one the convenience of sitting at home or even saving time when one is at the office. No doubt, there is so much that Internet banking has provided for people today, and businesses save an immense amount of time as well. However, doubt has been cast on Internet banking because of the chances of intercep tions during a transaction. Some people and businesses fear that their accounts can be interfered with as they conduct transaction on line. Passwords, usernames, and other confidential information are believed to be at risk because of particular internet functions. It is known that most of the internet functions aid a person during daily usage of the Internet, but it is thought that these same functions such as Internet cookies are capable of revealing information that is naturally undesired. The result is that there is considerable confusion over the safety of Internet Banking though the world is largely turning to this facility that both time-saving as well as convenient. Introduction: The world in which one lives today is indeed a fast-paced one. This fast-paced environment has evolved because of various actions, each of them interacting and producing a variety of results, and creating effects that favor the current situations today. This may all sound complex, but in truth it may be simply described as a vast number of actions causing a very situation that one witnesses today. This complex situation does not mean that there is total chaos because there is in fact an organized system in place. This organized system is one that helps many countries stay in contact with each other. However, the system is not one that favors friendship, but actually focuses on economic gains; countries are motivated in this system to work towards their own gain. They stay in touch with each other for the purpose of suiting their own needs. It is obvious that they would not do things on a charitable basis for another country when they could actually invest time and money in bettering their own conditions. Due to the availability of the Internet, countries are able to remain in close touch and trade easily. Online communications have facilitated countries well enough in order to raise their standards of living, and it is on the basis of this tat many people have turned their lives around. Aside from the globalized environment within which one may operate with the help of the Internet, it must be asserted that there are also other means of keeping in touch with other countries. Transportation for one is an important means of remaining in touch and working with other people. In view of this, it must be asserted that the businesses and other operations can be enhanced this way. With speedy communication on their side, a business has better scope of advancing. It must be realized that competition is facilitated well in the global system, and the globalized features aid countries in participating in different kinds of competition whether it is business, sports or a mixture of the two. In view of sports and business in the form of a mixture, it must be asserted that there is great focus on the business part of the mixture. Methodology: Observing the manner in which there are so many people accessing the Internet daily, there is need to look into the types of users that are online. In addition to this, there is need to realize how many people are dependent on the Internet for transactions through banks. In view of this, there is due consideration given to the number of important businesses trading through the Internet. Each of these forms a small but significant part of the daily online business. Reviewing literature that pertains to businesses and peoples lives and activities being affected by Internet banking is indeed an appropriate way to assess the effects of Internet banking. Through this review of literature, there is a great deal revealed about the safety of the process and what the risks of Internet banking might be. Each point is discussed at considerable length and targeted from an unbiased and broad angle. This has helped to present the facts as reported in the sources and allow analysis to be conducted fairly. Analyzing the literature reveals to what extent the fears of Internet banking are real, and how many people still continue to use Internet banking facilities. Aside from this analysis, an analysis of the arguments made reveal to what extent effects of Internet banking is legitimate. With both analyses, the effects of Internet banking and the authenticity of it as well are exposed. Sources for the literature review are ones that are relative to the issue and are authentic, as they are taken from books, journals as well as official websites, newspapers and magazines. Literature Review: There is plenty of doubt cast over the safety of transactions via the Internet. In particular, Internet banking is an issue of grave concern even though most people are turning to the Internet for the sake of convenience and saving time. In addition to this, businesses and individuals too have little choice, and in time to come, everyone will be compelled to use Internet banking services. Whatà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s on the Internet? The problems that one faces with Internet transactions by and large have everything to do with the interference that one receives from files such as Internet cookies and hacking software, and these are the kinds of things that can damage the confidence with which consumers, retailers, etc. conduct day to day business. These are files that are able to interfere or extract personal information from any computer that it enters. This can take place at any time when we are surfing the net or opening up any important website. What these Internet cookies actually do is they enter a userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Personal Computer when it is on, and then settle itself into it. When the user switches on the P.C. again, these files are activated, and send information back to the site that it came from. Thus it helps to maintain a record of the patterns that a particular Internet surfer uses. In doing so, these Internet cookies can use these patterns to keep sending the user information, available schemes, attractive offers etc. from different companies that are relevant to the kind of sites that s/he downloads. This is sometimes seen as an advantage because of the good schemes that might come up with the use of Internet cookies, but aside from this there may be serious implications. There could be very personal information that could be leaked out at the same time of using these cookies. This is essentially a problem for business organizations because there may be some very sensitive information that could be leaked out due to these cookies, and therefore, jeopardize the business. Further, this is such an acute problem that could eventually affect the reliability with which we are presently trading locally and internationally, and could very well destroy the whole concept of globalization. Along with the Internet cookies are the software hackers that are seemingly more inclined towards executivesà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ computers than governmental ones. It seems that they have lost interest in the heavily protected security systems in places like banks, perhaps because the risk is far too high. They are becoming better and better at entering the personal accounts of executives for the simple reason that they are easy targets and the rewards are fruitful. For this reason there is a constant quest to develop software that is able to track the entry of a hacker. Even so, it appears that this protection is not enough, as it is said that there is no software that can give one hundred percent security (Boulton, C. 2001). To begin with there is a very good phrase that could be aptly applied here, and it says, à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âwhen in doubt, donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢tà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . We have been, for quite some time now, debating over the effectiveness, the danger and the benefits of the Internet cookie. The truth of the matter is that there is very little that we really do know, and indeed very little that one can be sure of regarding the same. One cannot really be sure about the way that the Internet cookie works. It can be responsible for destroying lives, indeed millions of lives. Critics on the other hand, argue that there is nothing to be worried about, as these Internet cookies are harmless text files that extract only information of search patterns. They say that it does not retrieve personal information, such as e-mail addresses. In response to this, we cannot really say whether the capability of the Internet cookie is related to this alone. If it is capable of tracing and recording search pattern s, it could be capable of extracting more than just this. This is the reason why, many a time, one can come across, especially after a particular website has been down loaded, un-requested mail seeps into ones account. Surely, this is no coincidence, but purely a result of the Internet cookie picking up ones personal information. If this had been a case that occurred rarely, it would be unfair to blame it on the cookie. However, this happens much too often. Also, there may be more serious security concerns; national security concerns. What is an Internet Cookie? Internet Cookies are actually short pieces of data that are used by web servers in order to identify a web user. This has led to rumors and stories have been created and built upon to such an extent that people around the world are worried about their privacy. It is especially of great concern when it comes to a matter of national security. Can you imagine what would happen if terrorists got hold of valuable confidential information? Cookies are only used to identify a web user and the habits associated with the user. None of the data retrieved by the Internet cookie is destroyed or misplaced. If managers or business organizations are deeply concerned in this regard they can always adopt the use cookie blocking packages. This would restrict them from being identified, as the browser wonà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t accept any cookies. But this to a certain extent inhibits the functions of servers. We must also remember that by blocking Internet Cookies we are not putting a stop to ourselves from being identified but we are only making it more difficult to be identified. (CIAC Internet Cookies 1998) How Vulnerable is the Computer System? This problem is virtually non-existent. What these little pieces of information do is tell the server whether one has already browsed through a particular site. This is made possible by the fact that the cookie uses the information of the browser like the user number. This is probably the reason why people have started to fear it. The questions asked might be what does the cookie do once it knows our user number? Most Internet cookies last only for a short while, that is they donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t exist once one has quit browsing. There is also another kind of cookie that exists, for instance there are cookies that have their expiry dates fixed. These are called persistent cookies and their expiry dates are stored on the userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s hard disk (CIAC Internet Cookies 1998) What does it really do? The persistent Internet Cookie can be used to track the userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s searching habits whenever he or she hooks up to the web. The cookie already knowing where you come from and the type of files that you tend to access does this. It is actually assumed that a userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s personal information can be tapped in to while the cookie is in existence. Confidential information such as credit card numbers and passwords can be gathered. Rumors have it that these cookies are detrimental programs that expose your privacy. (CIAC Internet Cookies 1998) What the server actually does when you access it is that it sends you a cookie that you send back to it every time you request data from the same site. It is widely believed that during this process the web server can extract personal information from the user. A cookie is sent to a browser that includes a certain amount of syntax in the header of an HTML document. The header is already removed from the document before the browser displays it. Hence the header will not be visible if you execute the View, Source or View, Document Source commands in your browser. (CIAC Internet Cookies 1998) Cookies are only short strings of data that are sent from a web server to web browser when a browser visits a particular site. Undoubtedly the Internet cookie is stored on your computer and only comes in to operation when you visit a website. It is certainly not an executable program that can filter out confidential information as rumors have it. (CIAC Internet Cookies 1998) Cookies are thought to be harmless by their users. Further more they are of extreme help though critics suggest that they are digital agents of bother that are potentially capable of great harm to your computer as well as to your privacy. The truth of this criticism falls somewhere in between; this is when one observes that they can be of great help in searching out what we want or they can make you the recipient of a whole lot of junk mail. This is when your PC can get corrupted and valuable information lost. According to a report on Internet Cookies released by the U.S. Department of Energys Computer Incident Advisory Capability noted: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âThe popular rumors about Web cookies describe them as programs that can scan your hard drive and gather information about you including: passwords, credit card numbers and a list of the software on your computer. None of this is close to the truthà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . (Solver, 1998) The problems have started since the time private citizens and businesses were allowed access to the Internet. Allowing them access was important because this meant an overall benefit to the country with respect to finance. Since the access was allowed businesses were not the only ones to benefit from this form of communication. Virtually every man in the street is aware of the many wonders the Internet can provide. Among these people the evildoers can be found such as ones who release software viruses into cyberspace and hackers. (Author not available, 2001) And what is worse is the fact that the number of these elements of our society seems to be growing larger day by day. In order to deal with them every day there are a large number of programs being created to protect our valuable and personal information. However, the problem remains that there isnà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t any one such software program that can guarantee us one hundred percent safety. (Lazarus 1998) The Problems We Are Facing: Internationally people find themselves victims of junk mail every year, and it is this mail that accounts for ten million dollars being spent annually as a result. A lot of money every year is also spent on Spam. (UK Electronic Communications Bill) Spam consists of everything from pornographic material to schemes on how to get rich in no time. These are actually spread out far and wide in order to exploit the interests of people who have got nothing else better to do. Even though companies have tried their level best to restrict the amount of junk mail they receive just isnà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t enough[1]. Companies have been known to receive up to eighty percent Spam in spite of software protection being implemented. (Lazarus 1998) Cookies: This is a neat ploy to curtail the amount of Spam filtering in but is it intruding our privacy? It is said that having cookies on your PC seems to encourage more Spam. How many companies have tried to solve this problem? Hundreds of Software companies have attempted to solve this Cookie problem but most of them face a number of limitations and fail to contend with it.[2] It is intriguing to know that when we are hooked up to the web we are constantly presented by messages offering us cookies. The fact is that companies are now using these in their sales kits in order to boost their sales. People might think that it is obvious that if we want to purchase something from the net we will opt to request it ourselves[3]. But they miss the whole point that it is part of the sales kit being employed through the net because there are no such salesmen standing before you who can convince you that you are looking at the right product. In the field of sales cookies have had there share of success but there are certain things that they cannot achieve. They are not capable of gathering personal information from your PC and transmitting it, and they certainly cannot plant Viruses in your machine. They are much smaller in size as compared to their program files. The program files are considered to be their cousin files and this is another one of the reasons that the cookie has got a bad name. It is only the viruses that carry the real threat and should be screened by anti virus programs. Only the site that has created a cookie can read it, so that even if there is any confidential information stored in it, it will remain undisclosed.[4] Stanton McCandish, program director of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, has said that there are still ways to abuse the information stored within and it is for this reason the European Economic Community is following a law that has made it illegal for any one to share personal identification for commercial uses without the consent of the person concerned. (Lazarus 1998) The best way to turn out a Cookie is to turn them off completely. The only minor problem is that the same website from where weà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ve turned out the cookie becomes inoperable. You will realize that the site where youà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ve rejected the cookieà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s use will steadily decrease in speed and almost to a halt. (Lazarus 1998) It has also been known that the web server continues to transmit information to remote websites. It is this information that can help trace the paths you take and store this information at their sites rather than them storing it in your PC. Web browsing habits are being recorded no matter what you do to prevent them from being recorded. Even the most effective à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âanonymizersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã will not prevent Web browsing habits from being recorded. With this kind of prevailing situation it is no wonder that we find people worrying about their safety and privacy. The following that are not considered safe are: e-mail, browsing habits, news group postings and to be safe the contents of the hard drive of any machine hooked to the Internet. All important work and important information should be scrambled using encryption software if confidentiality must be maintained.[5] One thing that we must remember is that no matter what kind of elaborate set up we have, no matter how secu re it is supposed to be, someone somewhere is able to read our work and personal information. In his own words Mclandish said, à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âI dont trust in Internet security, but I dont actually distrust it. He believes that there is no such thing as one hundred percent bug free. (Slover, 1998) Argument: Many federal bodies are using Internet cookies in order to trace out visitors of their sites. The cookie has unique identifiers with them that are used to retrieve and store information that enable website owners to recognize regular users of their sites. There are two types of these text files; the first is called à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âsessionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã and the next one is called à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âpersistentà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âSessionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã cookies expire as soon as the user cuts off contact or exits the browser while persistent cookies are the ones that have the ability to remain on your PC for a certain amount of time depending on the date of expiry. The Office of Management and Budget addressed the use of cookies on federal websites[6]. It stated that the use persistent cookie was prohibited on federal websites. It also stressed further that persistent cookies could only be used by agencies when: Provide clear and conspicuous notice of their use, Have a compelling need to gather the data on-site Have appropriate and publicly disclosed privacy safeguards for handling information derived from cookies, Have personal approval by the head of the agency (https://www.pir.org/ciascan.html) Along with other things the cookie has stored on along with its name, are its unique identification number, its expiry date and its domain. What happens when a browser requests a particular page from the server that sent it the cookie, it sends the same back to it. Generally speaking most cookies are actually placed in our systems by the web sites that we visit.[7] Aside from this some sites allow a third-party cookie to enter them. What we mean by third party cookie is a cookie from another domain being placed in the PC of a user and then being sent to another website to recover a page that is required. These cookies may be either à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âsessionà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã cookies or à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âpersistentà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã cookies. Session cookies are generally short-lived and are used or are active only when a user is on line. They are automatically deactivated when the user exits the browser. These kinds of cookies can generally be used in interactive opinion survey. (Government Accounting Office Report, 2001) Persistent cookies are text files that remain stored on an individualà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s PC until a specified date of expiry. These can be used to trace a web browserà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s browsing patterns. Noting the browserà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s linkage with other relevant data does this. Although these aid us in commerce there are also the big questions of privacy risks due to their usage, even if they themselves do not collect the identifiable data contained within them[8]. Links may be made even if it was not the actual intent of the website. For instance, individuals searching through a particular website are sometimes compelled to feed in some of their personal information such as names, e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, etc. What happens is the persistent cookie links itself to this identifiable personal information and this makes it easy for the path or pattern of the browser to be retraced. This is the practice that has led to much concern of visitorà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s of federal websites. (Government Accounting Office Report, 2001) Limiting the Use of Cookies: Browsers such as Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Internet Explorer accept cookies that are able to track a userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s pattern of browsing. Presently browser designs allow browsers to block the cookies upon request, and the Internet Task Force recently proposed changing browsers in order to automatically block them. This would largely limit their use. A survey found that cookies are an integral part of IAB (Internet Architecture Board) companies and are particularly used in measuring site users, developing user profiles for advertisers and for advertising targeting, the vast majority of respondents said. They also indicated that cookies are important to plans that are used to support higher value for advertising.[9] Respondents have overwhelmingly favored cookies, as their use will benefit both marketers and consumers by helping to ensure the right message reaches the right targeted market at the right time. In addition to this it was found that more than 85 percent of respondents opposed having their browsers set to automatically disable the use of cookies. Further, in the survey it was estimated that 80 percent of the IAB members did not see cookies as potentially threatening. Although there were a few who felt that consumers might feel that the use of cookies is an invasion of their privacy. Others described this to be a misperception. In another piece of research it was found that 86 percent of respondents said that there was a need for a dependable and consistent form of à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âdigital identificationà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . The reason for this is the importance of increasing Internet advertisement revenues and improving consumer experiences on the Internet. European Privacy Directive on Electronic Commerce: Electronic commerce that takes place within the European Union member states should be aware of the European Unions Directive on Privacy Protection. According to the Directive, it treats privacy as a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âbasic human rightà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã and encourages the European Union states to ensure its protection. This will have an affect on the smooth running of all electronic commerce within the Union. Adherence to this à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âminimum standardà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã is what is required of member and nonmember states. The minimum standards refer to the processing of personal data of the identified or the identifiable person. Our attention is drawn in particular towards article 25. This article prohibits the transfer of any personal data to countries that are outside the European Union to countries that donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t provide ample protection of personal data (Taylor 1999). Analysis: It is obvious that privacy needs to be protected as much as possible. If oneà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s privacy is not protected in the manner it should be, there can be no guarantee about anything on the Internet. It also means that democracy is only limited to the physical space that people live in and cannot be extended to cyber space. The differences between existence in oneà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s physical space and cyber space have been disputed for a while; many are skeptical about the extent of control that authorities have in cyber space. This is legitimate to a great extent because of the fact that there is little control over programs that are not visible and sometimes not even detectible. Federal laws and various other approaches have been sought and rightly so because in time to come it is expected that one will be dependent on the systems that are presented to the common man. This means that if Internet banking systems are ones that the common man is compelled to use then there will be little or no way of escaping it. Whether or not risks of security will be present or not is another matter, but with the way that everything is being globalized it is expected that Internet Banking will grow more and more common. Undoubtedly, this is a necessity for the pace of business to increase and greater gains to take place. However, the problem is that there has to be a way of dealing with the current security problems that are feared. Only appropriate litigation and technological advancements can deal with these, and it is hoped that some solution will be formulated. Where Does the Problem Lie? The member nations that adhere to the above law will benefit because they will receive unobstructed information within the Union and will also have access to its market. States that do not adhere to the law or cannot guarantee the privacy of personal data, the Directive may pose as an immense Trade Barrier. (Taylor 1999) For example US companies may be subjected to penalties or may even be denied access to the European market if they fail to protect the privacy of European customers. This may even be imposed without them exhibiting an actual breach of privacy[10]. What could implicate the directive too is every Internet transaction that is made through the US with a European consumer. It is even likely that the Directive would apply to the transmission of email for business and academic purposes. (Taylor 1999) The Issues: It is said that the Directive does not define à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âadequateà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã as a general form but stresses that adequate will be defined on a case-by-case basis, so that they are able to take into account the prevailing circumstances that surround the data transfer situation. Due consideration will be given to the nature of the data, the purpose and duration of the proposed processing, the country of origin and destination, general and sectoral rules of law, and professional rules and security measures which exist in the destination country. In case any inadequacy is found there may be serious consequences. (Taylor 1999) There are several exceptions to article 25, the prohibition of transfers, which are listed in article 26. One of these exceptions states that a member state may authorize data transfers to a country whose laws do not meet Article 25s adequacy standard if the controller (the body able to determine the purpose and means of the processing) can show adequate safeguards to protect privacy. Article 26 also recognizes that contracts have a duty to perform in ensuring protection, but it does not define this any further. (Taylor 1999) The following is an abstract from Perkins COIE[11] The Discussion Document identifies six principles by which the adequacy of a countrys data protection may be gauged: limitation of purpose-data processing should be limited to a specific purpose; data quality and proportionality-data should be correct and, where appropriate, kept current; transparency-the purpose for which the data is processed, as well as the entities in possession of the data, must be known to the concerned individual, and individuals must receive any other information necessary to ensure fair processing; security-data should be protected by security measures commensurate with its sensitivity; access, rectification and opposition-individuals must have access to data concerning themselves, the ability to correct errors and the right to object to some types of processing; and restrictions on forwarding data-data may not be forwarded from one country to another unless the destination country also ensures adequate protections. (Swire Litan 1997) à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âSensitiveà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã data also encompasses extreme requirements, which include racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, health or sexuality. The Working Party includes transfers that involve:[12] risk of financial loss, such as Internet credit card payments; risk to personal safety; decisions significantly affecting an individual, such as recruitment, promotion or credit; embarrassment or harm to an individuals reputation; the potential for significant intrusion into an individuals private life, such as unsolicited telephone calls; repetitive transfers of large volumes of data, such as transactional data over telecommunications networks or the Internet; and covert data collection, such as Internet cookies. (Swire Litan 1997) The working party further notes that there might be a greater need to providing protection to à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âsensitiveà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã data. It also believes that individuals ought to have the option to à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âopt outà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã of data processing systems, and also have a right to know what is going to be done with their data and where all it is going to be transferred. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âAdequacyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã will not only depend on the amount of privacy laws but it will also largely rely on the enforcing implements that are available to them, such as how likely a countrys laws are to ensure a high level of compliance, the existence of effective sanctions and the extent to which data controllers and individuals know the laws requirements; institutional means available to individuals to enforce their rights without undue cost or difficulty; and mechanisms for redress, including arbitration, compensation and sanctions. (Swire Litan 1997) Who gets to take part in the Data Processing Transfers? This discussion is relevant to third countries. There will be a preparation of a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âwhite listà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã of countries whose privacy protection laws are considered as à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âadequateà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . All types of data transfer will be evaluated on a case-by à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å"case basis with considering the risk that is involved in the transfer process and also the protection that is available in the destination country. Contractual provisions are to be used as a precautionary measure but only sparingly as they have inherent problems. The working party will issue the guidelines for these contracts. Common Questions Regarding European Trade with the US: How can U.S. businesses involved in data transfers in Europe adapt to the Directives requirements given the absence in the United States of a European model of centrally administered national privacy rights? What can be done to maximize the likelihood that European officials will find data processing practices adequate? (Swire Litan 1997) Due to the fact that critical provisions of the Directive are poorly defined, these questions are difficult to answer. This results in a vast discretion to European officials charged with their interpretation. Further more it isnà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t easy to see how the model of control can be applicable non-mainframe technologies that decentralize the use of data, which include client-server systems, corporate intranets, e-mail and even portable, laptop computers, all of which can be used to transmit personal data and of course the Internet. These all can be used to send and retrieve data. (Swire Litan 1997) The one European member state that has noted that the Directive is not suited to regulate Internet transactions is the United Kingdom. However, the US Robotics was fined thousands of Pounds in accordance with the United Kingdoms Data Protection Act because it obtained personal information of individual visitors and was not registered under the Act. It had used the personal information to market their goods. (Swire Litan 1997) Suggestions: Businesses should be familiar with the Directive and should carry out their own evaluation in order to get an idea of where they may be penalized. Bodies that are likely to be available for this purpose will demonstrate objective, verifiable and effective mechanisms to ensure data protection. This will aid companies in challenging determinations of inadequacy in the event of them occurring (Swire Litan 1997). There are certain categories of data transfers that are necessary to carry out a contract to whish an individual may consent. In this case it may be permitted as it fits in with one of the Directives exceptions in Article 25. Simple modifications to everyday data processing in other cases may cut down the risk of unintended violations. Notice Provisions of the Directive should also be reviewed and put into action along with business practices. It may also be of some use pinpointing the risk that exists between the US and European bodies contractually. Present contracts should be reviewed and modified according to its requirement. Internal codes of conduct may also help towards existing protections. There are also several standards that aid preserve privacy Internet transactions. The à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âP3 standardà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã proposed by the World Wide Web, proposed a platform for Privacy that will enable computer users to be informed and make their choices about the collection, use a nd disclosure of their personal information on the Web. Implementation will result in companies being aware of between a sites privacy practices and a users privacy preference. (Swire Litan 1997) à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âOPSà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã , the Opening Profiling Standard, is another proposed standard that permits the exchange of information along with the safeguard tags of privacy. It provides individuals with an option to submit their information and also submit rules as to how and when the given information can be exchanged with services. (Swire Litan 1997) Europe has come a long way in trying to make the world conform to privacy standards that they are trying to set. The Directive emphasizes on specific conditions that must be met in order to legally process personal data. This stresses that personal data must be processed fairly and lawfully for the legitimate purpose that it was collected. No further processing is permitted. It stresses that it must be à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âadequateà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã accurate and regularly updated. The data need not be stored for a longer period than is actually required. Further more the processing may only take place when the data of the individual has given his or her à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âunambiguous consentà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . (Mayer-Schonberger, 1998) This overwhelming European Directive stresses on restriction of access to personal data. It almost stresses that all aspects of the Internet cookie are violations. This is due to the fact that Internet cookies make unintended and automatic access to personal data. That is the reason why even the simplest of cookie implementations violate the Directive at various levels, and the use of cookies poses serious legal problems with the European national data protection laws. The main core of the problem with the European Directive is that it has serious implications with the United States and its laws. (Mayer-Schonberger, 1998) The Internet cookie is something that is new in technology that has many different sides to its argument and it is important that the consumer is aware of both the uses of it, good and bad. (Esquire 1997) The problem: There is no reason why there can be only one type of Internet cookie. There may a wide range of them, or even ones that are in disguise. The fact is that we donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t really know whether or not they do exist in other forms as well. Most of the explanations put forward regard them as harmless and incapable of leaking out personal information, unless it is voluntarily given to them. But people seem to be taking these assumptions to be the Gospel truth. It is only when they face a real threat or a real breach in security that they might wake up with a start. These Internet cookies are ones that should be taken as seriously as hacker software. This is because one does not really know whether or not these Internet cookies are used to first retrieve the valuable or sensitive information, and then use it to hack someoneà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s financial transactions. For all that we know they could be going hand in glove, working in tandem to get their job done (Slover, P. 1998). The kind of software that is available to deal with these kinds of problems is à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Authentication and Encryption Softwareà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢. These are the kinds of software that is capable of dealing with foreign data sneaking in undetected. What it does is it does not allow anything to enter the software that it is protecting, unless it bears a particular code. This code is like an identification code. (Authentication and Encryption software, 2002) Rights of Privacy: Security of personal information is a subject that is considered very serious. Using, copying, etc. any ones personal information or organizational information is considered a serious offence. This is the reason why there are so many laws made for the same. There are very strict laws that have been made because of the misuse of information. An example of a law or policy that a company might establish and stick to is the use of Internet cookies. The laws that are made stand a chance of being broken, and this is not jut a risk for the people who use Internet facilitated companies, but is also one for the company that is providing services using the Internet and holding peopleà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s personal information. This is because they too stand a chance of being deceived in the same way that a user of the same does. Along with this, there may be other kinds of software interference too that could cause personal information to be leaked out. This is not limited to software being used for this but also means that people within a company might decide to misuse the information directly. If this is the case then customers will lose their faith in these organizations. This is especially the case where there is a use of wireless laptop computers. However, the company cannot give any excuse for the same, and is still likely to face legal action for it. This is the reason why they have to be extremely vigilant over their software protection and ensure that their clientà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s personal information is not misused and does not get into the wrong hands. (Slover, P.1998). A company might want to use an Internet cookie to track a users surfing patterns. But this should be stated in the policy. If this is not stated, then the user can take legal action against any company for not informing him about the use of the Internet cookie (Martinez, M. 2002). Usually an organization should not mind if there is a presence of these cookies in their systems because this helps a person to search and obtain quicker results, though, most people donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t like the idea, and prefer to be informed prior to their personal information being used. This is especially the case as far as organizations are concerned because this is something that could affect their trade relations. People would not want to do business with them if they found that there was no security in their means of financial transactions. They certainly do not want any interference with their transactions and do not want to allow any company to send files that will track their browsing patterns on the Internet. By the use of these files other competitors can get in touch with their sensitive information, and result in total chaos. This is where these organizations can implement software programs such as Kerberos, MD5, MIME Object Security Services (MOSS), OPIE, PGP, RIPEM, Skey and SSH. Security and Information Systems: An example of the misuse of personal information that may occur and result in possible loss is when the name and e-mail address of a person is recorded by certain software in one scheme on the Internet and is used by another related site. This can take place when an individual or an organization punches in information such as date of birth or e-mail contact for the simple purpose of receiving information. It is this information that should be kept secret and not shared with any other sites. Sadly, this is the common scenario. And, this is especially the case when one opens up unauthentic sites. Their very appearance seems to be so highly designed that one can be easily deceived. And, then later, these are the same sites that are responsible for leaking out an individualà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s personal information. What actually happens is, these Internet cookies extract this information, and share it with other related sites that are similar to the one that has been accessed. This is som ething that is most objectionable on the part of the user, as it takes away his or her the right of privacy. In addition to this, the issue arises because the company that has just taken the information might or might not be aware that they have Internet cookies using the information that their customers have been sending them. In the long run, this could affect the business of the same. Examples of this are seen when one downloads a site, for example, a site on airline tickets. At that very moment, one will get a whole lot of ads popping up, that are related to cheap airline fares. This is actually a result of the way that the Internet cookies have used the information that the user has sent to get the airline ticket fares. This happens because there are so many of these Internet cookies that are floating in cyber space, waiting for an opportunity to get hold of anyone with the search patterns for airline tickets and fares. Another way is that the Internet cookies have already got into the system that the user is browsing. From here, it can easily get into the userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s PC and extract the required information. This is something, as said before, that the airline might not be aware of. But it is something that is actually their responsibility to deal with. They are the ones that are taking the users personal information and processing the same, so they are the ones who are directly responsible for ensuring safety to the same of the user. If security, in this respect, is going to become a problem for the user, then there will be many people who will be afraid to use the services provided by the airline. This, in fact, applies to all the trading companies all over the world. There will be very few people who will truly trust the Internet as a reliable means of financial transactions, etc. The reason for this is that there are so many financial transactions that are made everyday that are potentially at risk because of these cookies and software hack ers. So, for the same not to occur there must be a way of preventing these cookies from entering airline hardware, and this is directly the responsibility of the company that takes hold of a userà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s personal information (Furger, R. 1998) (Slover, P. 1998). By using programs such as Kerberos, MD5, MIME, etc. an organization can also prevent any one reading their data. With the use of certain software organizations can have the data coded. In this way, no one can read the data unless the key is also presented. This is the best form of protection. But in order to do this, an organization has to have a proper budget for their security. If an organization cannot come forth with one then it means that there is no guarantee that it can provide security of personal information and financial transactions. It is for reasons of safeguarding customersà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ privacy rights that many companies using on line transactions are now also advertising their privacy policy. It is no more considered to be a formality, as this issue has become so severe that the privacy policies are seen as a must. It is absolutely mandatory that the same is advertised and printed in a size that a user cannot miss. Before this, the advertisement of privacy policy was printed in such a manner that one could hardly see it. But now things have changed, and printing it all unambiguously is seen as essential. This has all resulted from the gravity of the situation, and should give everyone a clue of what breaches in security can take place. This is essential for the business organizations because they are the ones that are dealing with finance through the Internet. The reason why these are so risky is that they can be tapped into and the finance removed if any outsider gets hold of the personal or confidentia l information of the company (Glass, B. 2000). There may be a lot of argument put up in this respect, and software houses may even sound convincing that there is nothing to fear about Internet cookies, but the fact remains that these little seemingly harmless text files can get themselves into a computer system purely by accident and are able to extract sensitive information and send it out to the server that it originated from. It is very hard to believe anyone who defends their effectiveness, especially after getting to know or suspect what their capabilities are. We find us asking ourselves one a very important question, and that is, à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âAre we ready to trust thousands of dollars in an electronic account and know that it cannot be harmed by the presence of things that we are really not sure about?à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã The obvious answer would be à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
ânoà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã . This is the most sensible answer that indeed most organizations might give. But what if all the organizations that are aware of the same give t he same answer, and surely they will, what happens to the pace of trade? Does it slow down or altogether come to a stand still? (Glass, B. 2000) Organizational Impacts/Issues: The fear is that there will be total chaos as a result of the realization of the situation. This is because there will be a fear in most of the people who use the Internet for these transactions. There will also be some who do not want to give up this means of transactions, and it is for this reason that there will also be many breaks in the trade relations between many organizations, locally and internationally. When this occurs the overall trade of many countries will be affected in different ways. This will reflect in the economic instability of countries, which could possibly lead to more competition taking place between the top currencies of the world. But why does everyone have to go through all the hassle? Why doesnà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t everyone simply upgrade their software with something that can free them from these cyber pests? The answer is plain and simple. There is software that is available that can detect and delete these Internet cookies and other sneaky software, but the only hitch is that they have to be constantly monitored just like the software viruses are dealt with. It is basically because of the fact that people do not take these Internet cookies so seriously that they donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t even consider implementing software that is required to combat their entry. This is because of the cost of it all. They feel that it is an unnecessary expense to do the same. The fact is that in order to guarantee almost one hundred percent protection against any sort of software threat, an organization needs to create a budget so that they can afford and the implement one that is feasible for their work (Glass, B. 2000). Aside from the Internet cookie there is also another fear, one that is really up to a lot of mischief. These are the soft ware hackers that are on the loose. These are the people who we really have to be on the look out for, and it is extremely essential that any organization dealing in large amounts of currency exchange should have the latest software to combat these hackers. But the problem is that organizations do not take this all too seriously. Another thing is that there are certain kinds of hacking software that are developed to hack any other. These are sometimes not combated till the development of an anti hacker, which may take a lot of time to develop. Though, there are plenty of these anti hacker software available, it appears even then, computers are not safe. Nowadays, it is not a trend for hackers to target government computers. It seems that their attention has shifted to more vulnerable equipment that holds vital information of financial transactions, and can aid and reward them equally. These are much easier and lucrative targets that are, more often than not, unprotected. Priorities of the hacker, as we might think, are focused on the more important places such as banks. But hackers are much quicker to decide where they can have a field day. They can attack a computer in your home, whether one is hooked up to the Internet through the general cable or through a dial-up modem. Even with the application of à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"wall fireà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢, 47% of executives faced a problem of being hacked (Martinez, M. 2002). This is enough to prove how badly the same is hitting computers. However, with the introduction of Blackice PC protection, the problem seems to be solved temporarily. This software program monitors the path that the user takes to exchange the financial information and then protects this path every time the computer is switched on. When the user is on this path, the program can detect whether there is any foreign program entering i t or not. It then disables the same, and the message is relayed back to the user. But even so, no software program is one hundred percent accurate. There is many a slip between the cup and the lip, and one can never say that any software program or anti virus can offer 100 % protection. This is because the software hackers seem to almost always find a way around any hacker protection. This is the reason why we have to always update our software with the latest ones (Boulton, C. 2001). Again, in this case we can see that the pace of business can be affected. This is because of the method in which the transactions are being made are being affected or restricted. The restriction that takes place directly affects the overall process of business. This could mean more of an expense for the organization, as it will have to extend its services in some way, if it is to allow its workers to continue working from their homes. If not, then that means that business is restricted to fewer hours a day. This kind of action will definitely slow the pace of business down considerably (Glass, B. 2000). Direct payments too, can also be affected due to the interference of hackers on line. This is the reason why it is extremely risky for a person to send his or her passwords or credit card number while they are chatting on the Internet. This is another very risky means of communicating because during this process sensitive information can very easily be picked up. It is one of the easiest software to hack. Organizations that donà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t have any offices in various parts of the world have gone through a lot of hard ship in this respect. Their only means of communicating with their clients is through programs such as these. If these have to be abandoned then it could mean that a whole lot of people might suffer as a result of the same (Glass, B. 2000). In addition to the transactions and the flow of information that are made through the Internet on a modem or a cable, we can also say that the wireless method of communication is by no means a safe mode of carrying out business these days, in fact, it is more vulnerable than the one that makes use of the cable or modem. The use of the wireless means of conducting business is supposed to be the most efficient and cost effective means of dealing with customers. But this also means that there are numerous outlets at which hackers can have access to the same. According to the latest information, these hackers go about their mischief just by sitting on Park benches or in their cars. They can detect the flow of any valuable information in cyber space and latch on to it in no time. If people were to give up this means of communicating and dealing with their customers then we would experience a sharp decrease in the business taking place. This is a relatively new way that people all over the world are doing business, as it is very easy for them to download anything from anywhere using their laptops. But again, if we have to start using software to combat these security risks, the user of the laptop would have to know how to apply the software, and even then they would not be 100 hundred per cent protected. Another reason why the anti hacker software is not a hundred percent effective is because there are a large number of technically ignorant people also using the Internet and downloading sensitive information. These people are not technically aware of the features of software such as the à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"firewallà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢, thus making them less effective (Boulton, C. 2001) (Glass, B. 2000) In truth, there is very little that can be done for the purpose of Internet security at present. This is because the anti hacker and software protection that is developed at the moment is always behind the software that the hackers keep on developing. There seems to be no end to the way that they relentlessly develop the same. No matter what software is developed to combat it all, there is never a one hundred percent protection against the same. Hackers have all the options and all the angles to aim at different software, and this is the reason for them being able to develop the kind of software that they do and always keep ahead of the anti hacker software developers. The only real form of protection that an organization can look to is developing a budget. With this, the organization can decide what kind of software protection it can implement. Along with this, the organization also needs to ensure that it keeps on updating this form of Internet security so that the protection that they attain is as close as possible to the 100 percent mark (Expert Recommends Protection Against Internet Hackers, 2001). Conclusion: Internet banking is a convenient means of speeding up things in everyday life. People and businesses both rely on the Internet for a variety of facilities, and these facilities need to be made safer than they are. It would be fine to accept the lack of privacy safety if it were limited to browsing. This would fine to accept because of marketing tactics and enabling of quicker searches in browsers. However, when it comes to serious issues such as bank accounts and sensitive information, it is thought that the Internet is not safe. Even if oneà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s bank account cannot be accessed directly, it is the exchange of sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, financial amounts, etc. that are at risk. These need to be protected as much as possible in order to make the Internet a safer place, and in order to make Internet banking more reliable and successful. Having seen the ways in which the privacy of a person or an organization can be devastatingly affected, it is always better to play it safe and make it tough for the hackers and Internet cookies to get passed ones security system. Simple virus protections are all seen as mandatory in this age of electronic financial transaction. One would surely be ready to conduct any kind of program that would save the world from a war that could emerge due to the onset of no privacy as far as electronic financial transaction is concerned. Having said this all, one should not think twice, and do whatever is possible to even salvage the near to 100 % of protection that can help save a lot of lives being affected. In doing so, an organization can be an example to others so that they realize the gravity of the situation and therefore, follow in the same footsteps. It should also be very clear to Internet providers that it is their duty to ensure their customers of the safety and security of personal a nd sensitive information. It is a law like this that will ensure the tightness of a net against any breach in security. If this is not done, then in the long run we will surely find that there will be a lot of people losing their faith in the Internet, and this will directly affect the pace of business, which will in turn affect the rest of the world. At the end again we find ourselves asking the same question, à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"What is so fearful about an Internet cookie?à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢[13] Cookies have been getting a bad name due to widespread misunderstanding. The misunderstanding lies between the lines of what the cookie has intended to do and what other unintended functions it has carried out. People within the media and others too have built upon this and blown things way out of proportion. But this all needs to be straightened out and the first thing that we must do is define what the cookie really is. (Esquire 1997) An Internet cookie is actually a small text file that is sent from a web page to your hard disk, when you access the site. The cookie is then stored in your hard drive. The same server that sent it, every time you access the same site accesses it at a later date. It is the information stored in the cookie that tracks popular links, insert personalized information, send targeted advertisements, or save customized page settings. (Esquire 1997) Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-61158308264952305622020-05-19T16:45:00.001-07:002020-05-19T16:45:08.775-07:00Analysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible Essay Matthew Shults A.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict The Crucible is a play that takes place in the 17 century in Salem, Massachusetts. As the play starts, Reverend Parris caught some girls naked dancing in the woods. Apparently the girls where stirring up spirits and to escape the punishment of the accusations of being witches, they blame other women in Salem. Later on in the play, Elizabeth Proctor finds out about John Proctor and Abigail having an affair. Abigail soon accuses Elizabeth of being a witch to remove her and to get her out of the picture. A doll is then found at her house and the evidence is being stacked against her. Deputy Danforth is the judge for the trials while the girls begin blaming each other for being witches. Reverend Hale is brought in as an expert witness and first believes the girls are witches but over time he starts to believe the ones who are accused. John Proctor gets Mary Warren to testify against the girls. The next day, Mary testifies that the girls are lying. They respond by acting like Mary is bewi tching them, stating phrases such as ââ¬Å"Mary, this is black art to change your shapeâ⬠(115). Mary then states the John Proctor is bewitching her and is under his influence; he gets arrested moments later. Three months later, Proctor is asked to confess or get hanged. The jury then accuses John of being an associate of the devil. As Danforth wants him to sign a confession,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words à |à 4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The leading actors are Daniel Day-Lewis as Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail, Paul Scofield as Judge Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth, Bruce Davison as Parris, and Rob Campbell as Hale. It was directed by Nicholas Hytner and was Based on the witch hunt which surrounded MassachusettsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words à |à 5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimen ting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words à |à 6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctorââ¬â¢s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words à |à 7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950ââ¬â¢s and 60ââ¬â¢s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930ââ¬â¢s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 3926 Words à |à 16 PagesA.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict At its core, The Crucible is a chilling depiction of a community engulfed by hysteria. A fanatically religious community in Salem, Massachusetts becomes embroiled in a witch-hunt initiated by a group of adolescent girls. At the start of the play, Reverend Parris finds his teenage daughter, Betty Parris, ââ¬Å"sickâ⬠in bed after she, along with his niece Abigail, his slave Tituba, and a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 883 Words à |à 4 PagesName: Lauren Ciesielski Period AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author (first and last name) and date of first publication: Arthur Miller and 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor ââ¬â A farmer in Salem that is married to Elizabeth Proctor and is trying to get Elizabeth to forgive him for his sins of lechery on Abigail. b. Abigail Williams- A young lady who tries to throw herself at John Proctor due to their previous affair andRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 908 Words à |à 4 PagesDel Giudice Mrs. Schmiedeler English 2F 21 October 2015 Crucible Essay ââ¬Å"It takes many good deeds to build a good reputation, and only one bad one to lose it.â⬠This is a quote by Benjamin Franklin and it explains how the puritan society in The Crucible work. this quote shows how fragile a reputation can be, you can spend your whole life increasing your reputation, but one wrong move and itââ¬â¢s completely wrong. In The Crucible, many of Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s characters are very concerned with their reputationRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1122 Words à |à 5 PagesErin Kelleher English II Honors Mrs. Hagerty 14 January 2015 Corruption in The Crucible Good leaders are essential to the functionality and prosperity of a community. They should be honest, genuine, and selfless. Good leaders keep the interests of the people they lead in mind when making all decisions instead of focusing on their own personal goals. It can be quite disastrous when leaders have ulterior motives or bad principles. When leaders are dishonest, deceitful, and selfish, it causes problemsRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1842 Words à |à 8 PagesDiscuss Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s approach to U.S. history in The Crucible. Arthur Miller combines his experiences during the McCarthy reign of the 1950s and the factual events of the Salem witch trials in 1692 to create an elaborated historical tale of the panic caused by witchcraft. Although, the morals behind the events are relevant no matter what the period of time the audience is in. Arthur Miller uses the semantic field of truth throughout the play, ââ¬ËThe Crucibleââ¬â¢, to show his audiences that no matterRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words à |à 9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Crucibleâ⬠the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. Proctor however does try to become a better man and do the right thing to save his wife s life, which changes feelings Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-65475243915293040162020-05-18T17:46:00.001-07:002020-05-18T17:46:11.216-07:00What Makes A Generous Person Generous - 806 Words When asked the question what makes a generous person generous, one could easily answer that a person is generous because he performs generous actions. According to Aristotle this relation is true, but he understands and address the critics view. Aristotle explains that one must follow other guidelines aside from performing generous actions to become a generous. In the first paragraph of Chapter 4, Book 2 in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle raises the question,â⬠What we mean by saying that we must become just by doing just acts, and temperate by doing temperate acts; for if men do just and temperate acts, they are already just and temperate, exactly as, if they do what is in accordance with the laws of grammar and of music, they are grammarians and musicians.â⬠In the following paragraph, Aristotle clarifies that it is possible to perform actions in accordance to the laws of grammar in total accident or solely because someone else has told him to perform in that manner. If that is the case than a person is not a grammarian because he does not understand why he writes or reads the way he does. Furthermore, Aristotle explains that unlike the art of music, that reaches excellence through its finished product, actions such as generosity and other virtues reach their excellence not only by the finished action but by the character in which it is completed. Performing generous actions is not enough to become generous. The action must meet other guidelines in order for one to reach theShow MoreRelatedThe Need For Change For The Betterment Of Our World1017 Words à |à 5 Pagescountless other things. We changing something that our world is so used to, will never be an easy task. We, as human beings, need to learn what it takes to substantially change and shape the world for itââ¬â¢s benefit. In order to understand what is required for change to be successful and progress to be made, it is necessary that we understand the concept of generous orthodoxy. By educating ourselves about this concept, we can ensure that mankind moves forward to equality, preservation, and working toRead MoreThe Spiritual Discipline Of Generosity1121 Words à |à 5 PagesChristianity. Generosity is a common discipline for both Christian and non Christian people as a cornerstone of success in whatever way you view success. The 5 qualities that generous people share are they are Altruistic (give without expecting a return), they are Optimistic (view the world in a positive light), Trusting (trust what they are giving to is worthy), Energetic (they are energized by their giving), Leaders (they are not afraid to lead the battle for a cause). Summarise your original understandingRead MoreThe Moral Obligation Of An Affluent Lifestyle Without Saving Life1364 Words à |à 6 PagesWe are now going to unravel Singerââ¬â¢s arguments for our moral obligation to give to others. He first compares allowing the absolute poverty to suffer to what some suggest is the equivalence to murder. An example given in the passage is a person who lives an affluent lifestyle that does not contribute to the poor might as well shoot some ââ¬Ëpeasantsââ¬â¢ in India because the actions are equivalent. Singer would argue that this verdict is too harsh and evidently this big question of moral obligation shouldRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Great Gatsby 867 Words à |à 4 Pagesespecially currency. He states that just because a man has unlimited access to money, that doesnââ¬â¢t mean that said man should make unnecessary, extravagant, and outrageous purchases. To the contrary, a man should always be strategic on how he spends his money and always focus on getting the best result from his purchases. Aristotle believes that the virtuous man will never spend beyond what it is right and will never spend his money for the sake of showing off his wealth. ââ¬Å"The deficiency of this state ofRead MoreMinister Of Finance Speech869 Words à |à 4 Pagesam a skilled, frugal, and generous individual with many connections and previous knowledge that will aid me in manage Olympusââ¬â¢s finances. If you allow me to take on this position, I promise you will not regret it; I will keep the finances under control and ensure that the Gods are making the most of their money. So I ask you to hear me out as I tell you when I am the absolute best candidate for Minister of Finances at Mount Olympus. I know I am the most skilled person that could ever run the financesRead MoreThe Optimal Strategy For Player One1597 Words à |à 7 Pageshas the same motivation and will also choose cooperate. b) Similar to player one, it is most beneficial to undertake the strategy of cooperation. The object game is not to secure more points than the other person, but to ââ¬Å"maximize payouts.â⬠Therefore, it would be illogical for either person to defect unless a motivation beyond self interest modifies decision making. c) For the maximum point earnings, it would continue to be in the best interest of Player one to cooperate. The only real change thisRead MoreQuotes On Anne Frank771 Words à |à 4 PagesAnne Frank Essay: What do you think your life would have been like if you were in the Holocaust?It may seem like a terrible situation, but one girl ,Anne Frank, seemed to always find the good in people. The last words in her diary were ââ¬Å"In spite of everything, I still believe people are really good at heart.â⬠These last famous words of Anne Frank let the world know that know matter what happens ,there is always good in people. Anneââ¬â¢s family faced many problems and fears in the annex. FromRead MoreThe Nature Of The Cat960 Words à |à 4 Pagesitself and the highest goal in life. Aristotle mentions the virtuous man and says that the life of these people is pleasant in itself; it does not need pleasure added to the already virtuous activity. For this man enjoys (gets pleasure) from being generous or being just. Likewise, if someone did not enjoy fine actions he cannot be considered good. We have said previously that some activities are necessary to achieve another end, while others are necessary for the end in them, happiness being an endRead MoreThe Education Of Cyrus S951 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Education of Cyrus Many people look at good leaders and wonder what made them great. Xenophon was one such person. He looked at the legendary leader, Cyrus of Persia, and presented him as the best leader the world had ever seen. Cyrus could rule over humans as easily as other men ruled sheep and livestock. He was seen as just and honorable as he lavished things on his compatriots generously. But although he acted just and honorable his motives were far from good. He used manipulation to gainRead MoreWhat s Religiosity Level, Or How Religious They Are?1556 Words à |à 7 Pageswhether it is more or less probable for a person to uphold the qualities of good neighborliness. Similar to the varying levels of oneââ¬â¢s religiosity, there are also many various religious traditions that all coexist within America, while simultaneously they are so different that there is a constant potential for conflicts and tension. The concept of good neighborliness can be broken down into the three major hallmarks of be ing a good neighbor starting with how generous the individual is, in both volunteer Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-56548240463556195962020-05-17T23:41:00.001-07:002020-05-17T23:41:16.185-07:00Portuguese Man-of-War Facts (Physalia physalis) With its colorful float and trailing stinging tentacles, the Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis) might easily be mistaken for a jellyfish. However, a jellyfish is a single animal. The Portuguese man-of-war is a siphonophore, which is a colony of animals that function together and cannot survive apart. The creatures common name may come from its resemblance to a Portuguese sailing warship or to the helmets worn by Portuguese soldiers. Fast Facts: Portuguese Man-of-War Scientific Name: Physalia physalisCommon Names: Portuguese man-of-war, Portuguese man o war, man-of-warBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: The float is approximately 12 inches long, 5 inches wide; its tentacles can measure up to 165 feetLifespan: Probably 1 yearDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific OceansPopulation: AbundantConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description The man-of-war has a distinctive sail-like float (pneumatophore) that may reach 12 inches in length and 5 inches in width, and rises 6 inches above the water surface. The colorful float may be translucent blue, pink, or violet. This gas bladder is filled with nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and a small amount of carbon dioxide from air, plus up to 14% carbon monoxide. Portuguese man-of-war on a beach. David Zieglerà Getty Images In addition to the pneumatophore, the man-of-war has three other polyp types. The dactylozooids are tentacles that are used for defense and disabling prey. The tentacles are blue or purple and can extend up to 165 feet. The gastrozooids are responsible for feeding. The gonozooids are used for reproduction. Man-of-War vs. Blue Bottle The genus Physalia includes two species: the Portuguese man-of-war and the Pacific man-of-war or Australian blue bottle (Physalia utriculus). The Portuguese man-of-war has a wider color range and many tentacles, while the Australian blue bottle is blue and has a single long tentacle. Australian blue bottle on a beach. Michelle Lehr / Getty Images Habitat and Range The species occurs in the warm waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as the Caribbean and Sargasso Seas. The Portuguese man-of-war lives on or just below the surface of the water. A siphon in the pneumatophore lets the animal float or descend in the water column. Wind pushes the animals float at a 45 degree angle. Some individuals are left-sided, while others are right-sided. The different orientations of the floats help the animals to disperse across the oceans. Diet The Portuguese man-of-war is a carnivore. Its tentacles contain stinging cells called nematocysts that paralyze and kill small fish, worms, and crustaceans. The tentacles move prey to the gastrozooids on the underside of the float. The gastrozooids secrete enzymes that digest the prey. Nutrients are absorbed and circulated to other polyps. The man-of-war is prey to sea turtles, sea slugs, and crabs. Reproduction and Offspring The man-of-war life cycle includes a sexual and an asexual reproductive phase. Each colonial organism is either male or female. Spawning occurs mainly in the autumn. The gonozooids form gametes and release them into the water. The larva formed by the union of an egg and sperm then reproduces asexually by budding or mitotic fission until it achieves its mature form. This differs from the cellular division and differentiation of a non-colonial animal in that each type of polyp is a complete organism. However, a polyp cannot survive without other members of its colony. Like jellyfish and other Cnidarians, the rate of the life cycle depends on water temperature and other factors. Its likely the man-of-war lives to at least one year of age. Conservation Status The Portuguese man-of-war has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for a conservation status. The species seems to be abundant throughout its range. Its population trend is unknown. Portuguese Man-of-War and Humans While the Portuguese man-of-war has no commercial value, it is of economic importance due to its impact on coastal tourism. Both jellyfish and man-of-war tentacles can sting after the animal is dead or when they are detached. Stings are painful, although not usually fatal. Neurotoxins in the venom cause mast cells in skin to release histamines, resulting in inflammation. Treatment typically involves tentacle removal, using vinegar or ammonia to inactivate remaining nematocysts, and soaking the affected area in hot water. Oral or topical antihistamines may be administered to combat inflammation. Jellyfish and man-of-war tentacles produce a characteristic rope-like sting. à 4FR / Getty Images Sources Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers: Sunderland, Massachusetts, 2003.Halstead, B.W.à Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Darwin Press, 1988.Kozloff, Eugene N. Invertebrates. Saunders College, 1990. ISBN 978-0-03-046204-7.Mapstone, G. Global Diversity and Review of Siphonophorae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). PLOS ONE 10(2): e0118381, 2014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087737Wilcox, Christie L., et al. Assessing the Efficacy of First-Aid Measures in Physalia sp. Envenomation, Using Solution- and Blood Agarose-Based Models. Toxins, 9(5), 149, 2017. doi:10.3390/toxins9050149 Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-79942152231398751032020-05-06T22:20:00.001-07:002020-05-06T22:20:06.872-07:00Complexities Of Community College Culture Essay - 2234 Words Complexities of Community College Culture Brooke Adkison Head University of Alabama Abstract Community colleges do not have a single culture, but rather a myriad of cultures. The culture of an institution in higher education may not fit into a traditional model due to the complexity of academic culture. Within an institution, there is a dominate culture, as well as subcultures that exist. In addition, there are administrative cultures that may interact with the academic culture. The administration, faculty, staff, and students of an institution influence the culture, institutional goals, as well as individual success. Due to increasing demands and greater accountability in higher education, administrators are faced with greater challenges. At the community college level, there is an expectation for timely responsiveness to meet the needs of the community and workforce. Educational institutions must demonstrate sensitivity to the existing culture when addressing challenges in order to make progress. Complexities of Community College Culture Community colleges do not have a single culture, but rather a myriad of cultures. The culture of an institution in higher education may not fit into a traditional model due to the complexity of academic culture. Within an institution, there is a dominate culture, as well as subcultures that exist. In addition, there are administrative cultures that may interact with the academic culture. The administration, faculty,Show MoreRelatedCreating A Culture Of Change Is Challenging For Any Leader1125 Words à |à 5 PagesConstructing a culture of change is challenging to any leader. As a new Dean of a community college division, the vice-president has asked for a three-month action plan on the approaches that will be taken to promote a positive and productive environment for the faculty. Since the previous dean did not offer a level service that met the facultyââ¬â¢s expectations, it is important that every faculty member that was impacted negatively be heard. This action plan will explore leadership and followershipRead MoreHooking Up1039 Words à |à 5 Pagesher book, she uses various methods to expose the complexity of hookups and the actualities of the gender ââ¬Å"rulesâ⬠on college campuses. The techniques Bogle uses are: explaining the norms of the hooking up culture prior to the twentieth century, describing how the ambiguity of the term ââ¬Å"hooking upâ⬠on college campuses creates misconstrued ideas about other college students, and comparing the difference between males and females in the hook up culture. At the beginning of the book, Bogle uncoversRead MoreApplication Of A Transfer Process For Campuses And Students Essay953 Words à |à 4 Pagesensure an effective and efficient transfer process from a two-year college to a four-year college, scholars Jain, Herrera, Bernal and Solà ³rzano (2011) have identified five elements that are necessary to establish transferring as a normalized process for campuses and students. ââ¬Å"An integral concept to a transfer receptive culture is that the foundation to receive students begins prior to them arriving at the institution; such as a culture cannot be simply limited to efforts when the student arrivesâ⬠(JainRead MoreWhy I Am A Physician923 Words à |à 4 PagesPlease submit an essay (450 words or less) that explains your interest and commitment to Community Medicine. 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Therefore, the audiences that Gabbatiss is attempting to reach are not the aforementioned scientific or professional communities, but the readers of BBC News whose comprehension of the subject may not extend beyond their college education. However, Gabbatissââ¬â¢s purpose to raise publicRead MoreLocated in NY, New York, New York University is the Largest Private Campus in the United States1186 Words à |à 5 PagesNew York Universit y New York University (NYU) is one of the largest private universities in the United States, located in Manhattan, its mission is to be an international center of scholarship, teaching and research defined by a culture of academic excellence and innovation. NYU is an amazing school that provides great opportunities and experiences for their students in all different types of fields. The university was founded by Albert Gallatin in 1831. 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My maternal grandfather nurtured the development of my ethnic and cultural identity. He instilled me with pride and appreciation for my Irish roots. Specifically, he brought me over to Belfast to learn and experience the culture. I learned Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-86767619762787716812020-05-06T21:01:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:01:37.261-07:00Native American Art And European Art - 2008 Words Native American culture was a great influence on newly introduced western art when settlers first came to North America. Not only did Native Americans have their own style of art, sculpture, basket weaving, and other fine arts. Their artistic styles helped influence some European art and gave them a different outlook on not only art itself, but a brand new culture that they have not seen before. This paper will talk about the different styles of Native American art and compare it to European art styles and artist, as well as going into detail about how their culture influenced artistic styles. There are many different types of Native American tribes located in the United States, and there were even more when Europeans/settlers first arrived on the shores of the East coast. In the Subarctic and Arctic area (Alaska, Canada, and south of Canada) the only known surviving art is the Petrgoglyph site in Ontario. A lot of these art were painted hides from caribou and moose which were used to make bright colored clothing, tipiââ¬â¢s, and beaded boxes. When Europeans finally met these Native Americans, moose-hair tufting and floral glass beadwork became popular in that area greatly as they were influenced by the Grey Nuns which was a Canadian religious institute from the Roman Catholic Religious sisters founded in 1783. The Yupââ¬â¢ik of Alaska had a long tradition and remarkable style of carving masks for their rituals. These mask were classified as art due to their designs andShow MoreRelatedSeminar On Art Theory Themes Throughout Contemporary Art1221 Words à |à 5 Pagesin Art Theoryââ¬âThemes in Contemporary Art Dr. Laura Myers Native Artists, Identity Defined and Redefined. Luiseno Native artist James Lunaââ¬â¢s performance of, The Artifact Piece (1987) confronts anthropological museums in their post-colonial precepts of the Indian ââ¬Å"otherâ⬠. In the performance of The Artifact Piece, Luna shares with the viewer that he himself is a living human artifact. Bringing into question why institutions as such continue to perpetuate and objectify Native IndigenousRead MoreNative American Influences on Modern American Culture727 Words à |à 3 Pagesfirst Europeans came to the North American continent. they encountered the completely new cultures of the Native American peoples of North America. 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That marginalization has happened from the first exposure of Europeans to North AmericaRead MoreArt Is The Visual Manifestation And Application Of Human Creativity Essay1246 Words à |à 5 PagesArt is the visual manifestation and application of human creativity, typically executed through painting or sculpture. Art is multifunctional, in that it has the ability to transcend the visual by evoking an emotional response in a non-verbal way. In art, artists are able to utilize their medium to connect their personal message to the audience in a non- traditional manner. Disarming the audience by presenting a new perspective on critical issues through the implementation of art and can help combatRead MoreThe Native American Iroquois Communities Essay1619 Words à |à 7 Pagesserving more than 400 students. Out of this student population, 85% of students are economically disadvantaged. The school also serves students with disabilities (31%) and English language learners (6%). 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Unfortunately, most of the material displayed in these art forms was inaccurate, either through presenting false or dramatizedRead MoreNative American Arts756 Words à |à 3 PagesNative Americans treasure one thing in their culture the most; the arts. Native American art is the works created by the nat ives of North America. Art can come in many forms, but are most present in the visual arts and melodic arts, which can then fall under several categories. Art is considered a symbol of Native American heritage and the overall culture of world art. It has been a major part of their lives for thousands of years. The Native American arts serve the purpose of self-expression, whichRead MoreThe United States And America1270 Words à |à 6 Pageseighteenth-century until 1870ââ¬â¢s this began to change. Americans began embracing ruins and the past that had been connected to, such as burial mounds, abandoned houses and whole towns, and the natural antiquity of America as a way to be superior to Europe. Americans viewed the western United States as a vast open wilderness ready for their taking. Not only was this land in need of human cultivation it was a god given destiny. The United States and Americans were given this land by a divine being; this idea Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-34384894763691262472020-05-06T19:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:57:12.474-07:00Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird - 1231 Words Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his theory of moral development developed in 1958. His theory was dependent on the thinking of Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and American philosopher John Dewey. It consists of three levels of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. These levels are based on the degree to which an individual accommodates to the conventional standards of society. Each level aquires two stages that serve as different standards of sophistication in moral reasoning. Overall, Kohlberg affirms that moral development is a process of maturing that emerges from thinking about about moral issues (ââ¬Å"Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Moral Developmentâ⬠). Jem Finch is one of the main characters in Harper Leeââ¬â¢s novel To Kill Aâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Evidently, negative actions would result in some form of punishment. For example, a little kid at school wouldnââ¬â¢t steal someone else s toy because theyââ¬â¢d fear getting punished by the t eacher. For stage two, there is a minor difference in one s reasoning. Stage two now has to do with mutual benefits and focuses on individualism (Kohlberg s Theory). Morals are now guided by what is seen as ââ¬Å"fairâ⬠. This stage portrays that the ââ¬Å"rightâ⬠behavior means acting in oneââ¬â¢s own finest interest (A summary of Lawrence). An example for this would be someone being rude towards another individual because that same person was being rude earlier to them (Lawrence Kohlberg). Kohlbergââ¬â¢s second level from his theory is conventional moral reasoning. This is primarily people following social norms and customs (Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Theory). The laws and rule are sustained simply because they are laws and rules that must be followed (ââ¬Å"Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Moral Developmentâ⬠). The second level is generally found in society hence the name of this level being ââ¬Å"conventionalâ⬠. Stages three and four are included in the conventional level. Stage three focuses heavily on peer approval (Lawrence Kohlberg). Individuals are merely trying to please others so they will follow rules or do what others want them to do in order to gain their approval (ââ¬Å"Kohlbergââ¬â¢s Moral Developmentâ⬠). Many will followShow MoreRelatedMoral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1384 Words à |à 6 PagesJemââ¬â¢s Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist and educator known for his theory of moral development. He was a professor at Harvard University before he was a developmental psychologist. He later moved into the field of moral education. Jean Piaget (Swiss psychologist), John Dewey (American philosopher), and James Mark Baldwin (American philosopher and psychologist) all influenced Kohlbergââ¬â¢s theory of moral development, though Piaget s work heavily influenced Kohlbergââ¬â¢sRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Moral Development Analysis1486 Words à |à 6 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg was an American phycologist who also was the author of the three stages of moral development. Kohlberg graduated from the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts in 1945 after serving in the merchants marines. Lawrence was also working on a ship owned by Zionist military organization which would try to smuggle Jewish refugees into Palestine past the British blockades (Doorey). Once Kohlberg was do ne serving in the military organization he came back to the U.S and went toRead MoreEssay On Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1319 Words à |à 6 PagesIn books, many characters go through moral development. The book To Kill A Mockingbird shows many examples of characters that go through this development and characters that help others develop. While there are many different characters in the book, the focus is on the development of Jem and Scout Finch with the help of Atticus and Calpurnia. The kids are introduced when they are young and over the span of the book, the adults teach and help them, making them have a different understanding of theRead MoreExamples Of Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird3558 Words à |à 15 PagesMoral Stages In the book to To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, a young girl is being put through a variety of challenges that have set her up to learn about aspects of life. Scout, the young girl is being put through situations throughout the book, and is going through different moral developments that have been set up into three levels by Kohlberg, a psychologist. Kohlberg gathered this information by giving people of different ages, different questions that would identify their moral stage (ââ¬Å"Kohlbergââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Three Stages Of Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingbird1478 Words à |à 6 Pagesrelating to moral reasoning and how it develops. In these three levels of moral reasoning there is six sub-stages make his theory more reasonable. The first stage of this theory is Preconventional Moral Reasoning. This first stage is when a child accepts and believes the rules of an authority figure such as parents and teachers. According to Kohlberg children under 10 years of age follo w this Preconventional Moral Reasoning. The second stage of Kohlbergââ¬â¢s theory is the Conventional Moral ReasoningRead More##ohlbergs Theory Of Moral Development In How To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1503 Words à |à 7 PagesIn the novel, How to Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, it is very noticeable that Jean Louise Finch, who is also known mostly as Scout throughout the novel, has a growth mindset; this growth can be connected to Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development. Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development is a three-stage system of ideas on how moral reasoning development (à ¨Kohlbergs Theoryà ¨). Within all those three steps there is a total of six detailed steps explaining how ones moral reasoning grows, whetherRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Essay1505 Words à |à 7 Pagesunique teaching experience for Atticus to provide to Scout and Jem. These laws followed the Southern societal ideas of the separation between races, but also demonstrated a division between a community where individuals held different moral ideas. To Kill a Mockingbird explores human morality from the perception of a six year old child, providing a different perspective on important issues of this time period. Scoutââ¬â¢s understanding of morality develops from her once simple idea of an individual beingRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words à |à 7 Pages The Pureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Leeââ¬â¢s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the bookââ¬â¢s centralRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Reflection Essay744 Words à |à 3 PagesTo Reflect on Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird reflected the contentious race relations of the 1930ââ¬â¢s-1960ââ¬â¢s, and sparked nationwide examination of racism. There are countless court cases that closely resemble the trial that took place in the novel, such as the Scottsboro Trials. The book was published right before the culmination of the Civil Rights Movement. In the years after the bookââ¬â¢s publication, the Freedom Riders made their famous trip across the South, and the March on Washington took placeRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words à |à 4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Leeââ¬â¢s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-1252247922451810572020-05-06T06:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T06:42:13.519-07:00Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology? Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is a major Australian organization with broad retail enthusiasm all through Australia and New Zealand. It is the second largest organization in Australia by income, after Perth based retail-engaged combination Wesfarmers Ltd. Furthermore, Woolworths Limited is the biggest takeaway alcohol retailer in Australia. Woolworths Limited was established in September 1924, initially under the name "Woolworths Bazaar Ltd.", a play on the globally famous F. W. Woolworth name. In the wake of finding the name had not been enlisted in Australia, and Woolworths had no plans for abroad extension, the organization progressed toward becoming "Woolworths Limited" on 22 September 1924. Following the organization's first "Bargain Basement" opening in the Imperial Arcade, on Sydney's Pitt Street, there was little enthusiasm for investors to quicken the brand's development. Be that as it may, as exchanging proceeded and investors brought more capital, the profits paid by the organization expanded from 5% to half after its third year of operation(Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Woolworths has ended year 2016 with $1.6 million loss, however in 2017, the organisation has shown a rapid development with $2.6 million profit before interest and tax(see Appendix A). With its 992 stores operating currently, Woolworths Supermarkets serve over 29 million customers across their brands every week, with more than 200,000 team members employed(Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017) Operations and Logistics Analysis Inventory Management at Woolworths supermarkets is currently achieved through an online system which is complemented by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) guns to monitor stock counts and ensure the correct load is received and ordered. The inventory system automatically orders the load after approval by the duty manager based on sales and inventory data from previous day (see appendix C Load Forecasting) . Incorrect inventory data results in the incorrect load being ordered. This then leads to excess stock which is a contributor to holdings costs and order costs. The core problem in this system is the room for error which is determined by multiple factors. The grocery load among with other items such as seafood and meat is delivered to the store everyday. Each time a load is delivered a member of staff must receive the load which is done by entering the load serial number into an RFID gun and submitting this into the system. The load is then recognised by the system and the items received will be added to stock counts. After these items are filled by staff the left-overs or overs are tagged by the RFID gun and put into Long Term Overs (LTO). These items are then filled the next day whilst staff utilise the RFID guns by modifying the counts and changing stock locations. The current system harbours too much room for error (see appendix B Load Data).One element of the internal system affects another meaning the system as a whole is interdependent on its sub elements (Senge,1990) The issues in the inventory system include: Incorrect stock counts which lead to incorrect items in the next load. Stock location not synonymous with RFID location. This means either the previous load was not received correctly or the item was scanned into the wrong cage. This results again in the next load being incorrect. RFID count of Stock on Hand (SOH) not the same as actual stock on hand. Gap Scan: refers to scanning the gaps on the shelves where stock has been completely bought. The gap scan is performed every day to ensure the inventory system orders correct items; Gap scan completed incorrectly leads to minimal or excess stock, stock out or inventory block. Large quantity order- An example would be an individual buys 10 cans of dog food with multiple flavours, to save time the cashier only scans one can ten times. The result being the count is now wrong meaning the next load will then be wrong. Cost Benefit Analysis Solution/ Cost Benefit ABC Classification software system update Products further categorised by priority to account for demand Weekly Periodic system checks Common periodic inventory counts will contribute to the minimisation of incorrect stock Working closer with supply chain Reduced lead time for items in transit. Reduced chance of stock out. Increased logistical awareness. RFID holds information on product popularity, shelf life and product arrival date. Staff gain deeper product knowledge which contributes to customer satisfaction. Proper utilization of the LTO system Using weekly periodic counts along with ABC classification system will reduce LTO item count Specialised managerial and staff training on RFID Managers and staff have in depth RFID knowledge which will then minimise human error. Competitive Rivalry Within the Australian grocery industry there are various organisations such as Woolworths, Coles, IGA and Aldi who strive and compete within the intense industry to limit the amount of market share that other supermarkets acquire (Majumder, 2012). The intense rivalry that these competitors produce within the market force Woolworths to continually shape their strategy and value proposition to become more efficient and effective as an organization, by differentiating themselves from their competition, Woolworths will continue to develop as an organization to improve into the future (24sevenwritters, 2013). The Australian supermarket industry is currently controlled by Woolworths and Coles who remain the two dominant retailers holding a combined market share of 71%. Power of Suppliers The power that the suppliers of Woolworths have is seen as low, due to the fact that there is a large amount of products within Australia and New Zealand market who wish to enter the industry by gaining exposure and increasing their sales through a partnership with Woolworths. Therefore the dependence that Woolworths have over majority of their suppliers and their prices are low as there are a large amount of alternatives that could replace a greedy supplier to be apart of the largest supermarket in Australia (24sevenwritters, 2013). Power of Buyers Alternatively, the buyer power that the customers have over Woolworths is seen as extremely high due to the fact that Woolworths strives to give their consumers the best possible price to maintain their market share. Furthermore, if Woolworths decide to raise their prices they will lose customers to competitor supermarkets, which is the worst-case scenario. Therefore, Woolworths strive to keep the customers happy with the best possible prices to gain the most market share and sales within the industry (Majumder, 2012). Threat of Substitution Within the supermarket industry there are various alternatives for consumers to purchase their products. These include convenience stores, non supermarket affiliated petrol stations, pharmacies, fresh food markets and other competitor supermarket chains. Customers are willing to pay higher prices for the same products found in supermarkets, if it is seen as more convenient. This means convenience stores within a close vicinity that has no lines and easier parking. Therefore, the amount of substitutes in the supermarket industry is seen and moderately high as there is opportunity for some profit even though there is not a lot of market share to maintain (Majumder, 2012). Threat of new Entrants The Australian supermarket industry is seen as an unattractive market to enter. This is due to the low prices offered in australian retail stores that seem to produce a low potential profit. With the market dominated by two main organisations the threat of new entrants is seen as low with various barriers of entry, which act as obstacles for new competitors who wish to enter the industry. Recommendations The main issue that has been addressed with Woolworths inventory system is the room for error across a multitude of areas, with each element having an impact on the next. The introduction of automated identification (Auto-ID) technology such as RFID has enabled electronic labelling and wireless identification of objects, which facilitates real-time product visibility and data. However, it also presents many challenges due to lack of standards and roadmaps to transform Auto-ID technologies into Auto-ID solutions (Mills-Harris et al. 2006). The following solutions can set the standard for Woolworths inventory system and improve its accuracy, to be able to serve their customers better and save money. Solution 1: RFID Count of Stock of Hand (SOH) Woolworths sell a large range of different consumer products in all of their supermarkets, with some of them having shorter shelf lives than others. Therefore, higher tracking is needed for these types of inventory to ensure the SOH is at the right level every time to meet demand, while also avoiding the stock expiring on the shelves. Implementing the ABC classification system allows inventory to be categorised according to a measure of importance, to allocate control efforts from most important to least important (Stevenson 2017). Categorising items such as meat and milk as high priority Category A items is necessary, as these items have a short shelf life and need to be closely monitored to meet demand, while still moving quick enough that the product does not expire before it is purchased, which becomes another cost factor (Mills-Harris et al. 2006). Ordering priority items in smaller, more frequent quantities (with lead time factored) will reduce the holding costs of the inventor y in the supermarkets, however it will increase ordering costs as the number of orders needed to satisfy customer demand will increase. On the other hand, reducing the level of stock on hand will reduce the chance of product expiring and ensure the product is fresh and new. The ABC classification system can also be used to classify items based on demand, as well as seasonal periods. Including this information in the inventory system can go a long way to help inventory managers decide on when to order products and how much to order each time. Solution 2: Physical Stock Count Woolworths utilise both a periodic system and perpetual inventory system for inventory counting. The perpetual inventory system gives inventory managers a fairly accurate idea of stock levels for products in real time, where they will make orders once the stock levels have dropped to a predetermined minimum level (Stevenson 2017). To make sure this system is as accurate as possible, the periodic system needs to be performed more frequently to identify discrepancies quicker and reduce how many occur. Frequency of inventory review has been found to negatively correlate with inventory record inaccuracy, as discrepancies are easier to spot when inventory reorders are being placed, or when inventory is being physically replenished (Barratt et al. 2010). Doing a physical count of stock more often will help keep stock levels in the perpetual inventory system in check, which will contribute to the correct ordering sizes and will save Woolworths a lot of money in holding and ordering costs. Solution 3: Large Quantity Order Another way to keep stock levels in check is to properly train inventory managers and staff using RFID guns in the supermarkets. For example, staff scanning purchases at the checkout could be entering multiple quantities of one type of flavour of a product, when the customer has a few different flavours. This then throws out the stock levels of each flavoured product, as each flavour has either been entered too much or not entered at all. Correctly training staff with RFID in the beginning and then frequently reminding them of the importance of correct entry of sales is important. These reminders can be exercised with posters at register stations, trolley challenges and discussed at monthly staff meetings and stock takes. Highlighting the importance of keeping stock levels accurate to staff will go a long way to help maintain accurate stock levels in the perpetual inventory system that Woolworths have in place. Conclusion A strategic analysis shows that Woolworth growth is supported by its commitment towards its customers, leading to expansion of its operation. The internal environment has impacted the potential growth of Woolworth by the adaption of strategies such as fair price policy strategy and continuous innovation strategy and it should also adapt a strategy of training skilled employees. Australian industries face external environment conditions such as changing social patterns; political conditions i.e. government influence, technology and adverse economic conditions which affect Woolworth Limited negatively. With respect to market mix, quality of retail industry is a key factor and Woolworth promotes its brand on quality basis References 24sevenwriters (2013). Strategic Management analysis of Woolworth Supermarket. [online] 24SevenWriters. Available at: https://lastfreelance.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/strategic- management-analysis-of-woolworth-supermarketupd/, viewed on 3 October 2017. Barratt, M, Rabinovich, E Annibal, C 2010, Inventory accuracy: Essential, but often overlooked, Supply Chain Management Review, 14(2), 36. Majumder, N. (2012). Woolworths Ltd - A Case Study Report | Strategic Management | Retail. [online] Scribd. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/99563233/Woolworths-Ltd-A-Case-Study-Report viewed on 1 October. 2017. Mills-Harris, M, Soylemezoglu, A Saygin, C 2006, Adaptive inventory management using RFID data, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 32(9-10), pp.1052-1052. Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday Business. Stevenson, WJ 2017, Operations management, 12th edn McGraw Hill Irwin, New York. com.au. (2017). About Us - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. com.au. (2017). The Woolworths Story - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/The_Woolworths_Story/How_We_Were_Founded/ [Accessed 2 Oct. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-60015519078520640292020-05-06T04:29:00.001-07:002020-05-06T04:29:15.424-07:00Transformational Leadership Styles Question: Discuss about the Transformational Leadership Styles. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is ubiquitous in all aspect of life, and it is a key determinant of the success of any institution. It encompasses creating and perpetuating an environment that motivates individuals towards attaining a common goal (Kippenberger 2012). After completing my bachelor of science in nursing degree, I was privileged to work in a local hospital as a chief nurse. My principal role was to guide other colleagues towards the achievement of the institution goal. I realized that client satisfaction was core to the success of the system. I commenced by purposefully creating an enabling environment that motivated and promoted the growth of all staff. I endeavored to see that I arrived at the workplace on the stipulated time. Moreover, the staffs opinions were sought during the decision making exercise. These moves were deliberately made to promote modeling and to act as motivators respectively. Also, to enhance motivation and promote trust and respect, I delegated senior duties to all staffs on a rotational basis. As per the above reflections, its evident that I had embraced transformational leadership. This style of leadership mainly focuses on empowering people to perform maximally (Tomey 2015). According to Tomey (2015), transformational leadership apart from substantially enhancing patient satisfaction which is our core vision, it promotes the retention of the workforce. My endeavors above are in tandem with the transformational style of leadership which culminates in motivation, trust, respect and the empowerment of the employees. All these will create employee ownership of the institution thus enabling them to work to their maximum potential, and this will translate to patient satisfaction. Also, the environment fostered by this style may weaken the employees desire to quit the institution. Consequently, proper skill will be continuously available hence improved healthcare provision. Im a team builder and a good team player. During my sojourn at the hospital, teamwork was a necessity. This virtue emanates from me believing that others too can be valuable resources for learning. The others opinions towards patient management are given an interest. This move in return has made my suggestions more receptive. Additionally, Im an excellent communicator. I can foster a trusting and respectful relationship with my colleagues through effective communication. However, one of my weaknesses is that I exhibit some emotional instability. This aspect is mainly depicted under immense frustrations especially when dealing with stubborn patients or their significant others. Emotional stability is a critical quality that a good leader ought to possess as it nurtures a healthy interpersonal relationship that greatly influences the achievement of the pre-determined goals. Through education, I have almost overcome this weakness as I'm preparing to be a good leader (Kippenberger 2012). While still working as a matron in the local hospital, a patient who had been treated in our facility sometime back, stormed into the hospital one morning, yelling that the hospital was doing nothing to improve her health despite her spending a fortune in both medication and treatment. She had confronted a nurse who had administered drugs to her. She claimed that, even after consuming the full prescribed dose, she still experienced a persistent headache. I approached the patient and requested her to calm down.I assured her that all was to be well and that whatever she was doing was her right. Afterward, I contacted a medical doctor who reviewed and changed her prescription. The patient left our facility satisfied as backed up by her frequent visits to our hospital for checkup and treatment. The steps that I took vividly demonstrate that effective leadership skills were put in place. I not only embraced teamwork but also I exercised emotional stability when dealing with the client (To mey 2015). References Kippenberger, T. (2012).Leadership styles. Oxford: Capstone Pub. Tomey, A. (2015).Transformational leadership in nursing. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-42688397257632994322020-05-06T02:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T02:19:19.219-07:00Corporate Law for Text and Essential Cases- myassignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theCorporate Law forText and Essential Cases. Answer: Case Study 1 As per the given case the directors of Uninest Ltd relied on the opinion of Neales, the board of directors of the company passed a resolution so as to grant interest free loan to one of the directors, Gilligan. Pursuant to the above, Gilligan was issued the requisite shares. It is seen in the case study that Neales is a consultant who is working for Uninest and she has taken many decision on behalf of the company (Hahn, Peter and Meziane Lasfer 2015). Therefore, the directors of the company relied on the decisions of the Neales and passed a resolution granting to lend Gilligan a sum of $30 million which is interest free. It is seen that this strategy is formulated so that there is significant rise in the price of the shares and thus it will make Urbanlodge Ltd difficult to take over the management of the company (Hung and Humphry 2015). The Corporations Act ,2001, which lays down the duties of the directors of the companies which is subject to a business judgment rule and in pursuant to which the director is required to make decision in good faith and for a valid purpose. There should not is any personal interest in relation to the judgment (Lanis, Roman and Grant Richardson 2012). The directors shall convey to the rest every aspect to the decision so that they are able to believe on appropriateness. They shall believe that the decisions are taken care of in the best interest of the business. As per Section 180, of the Act all the directors and other officers shall exercise their powers to disclose the powers so that they are able to discharge their duties with care and diligence. Section 181 of the Act provides that the directors shall on good faith undertake the interests of the company and for a valid purpose (Richardson et al., 2013). The Court has applied the business rule in supplied a statutory support. In the case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission v. Mariner Corporation Ltd. (2015) it is seen that in order to ascertain the breach of duty it is essential to assess that the application of the business judgement rule is illustrated as per Section 180 (1) of the Act (Sealy, Len and Sarah Worthington 2013). The following is taken into consideration for determining the liability: The surrounding circumstances and the terms of constitution and the nature of business and composition of the board. The role of the directors and the responsibilities that are distributed with other officers, reporting systems and other requirements of company. The applicable legal Constitution In the above scenario the company in order to avoid the takeover and to lend a large amount of amount to one of the directors so as to enable him to make a purchase the share of the company at a higher rate. It can be seen that the comapny took thsi decision on the advice of teh consultant Neales.This shows that the director has failed to exercise diligence or care in doing the correction action. Thus, the resolution was passed for granting interest free loan to one of the directors of the company was completely based on the decision of Neales. All the directors relied upon the decision of Neales and have failed to take the decision by application of their own skills and experience (Van den Berghe and Lutgart 2012). In the case, the court in ASIC v. Rich (2009) says that both the directors and officers of the company are under an obligation to inform them on what decision they have taken. In light of the above case law and the judicial pronouncement it can be stated that the directors failed to comply with the business judgement rule as they did not inform themselves about the subject matter and relied only on the opinion of Neales. Thus it was the breach the duty of care and diligence. Further, these laws are equally applicable on to the officers and hence, Neales is also s liable as he also failed to assess all the aspects of the decision (Austin and Ramsay 2012). Case Study 2 In the case study, Primo is one of the construction companies, who has been working with Land stock. Shane was the director as well as shareholder of Primo is appraised with the fact that Land stock is soon going to call for tenders in respect to building a warehouse around a major port. Shane in between formulates a new company in the name of Iconstruct Limited .Shane did not inform the directors of Primo about the new company and submits a tender to Land stock for construction of the said warehouse. Shane was aware about the tender quotation which was submitted on behalf of Primo and this was submitted at a lower price in the submission by Iconstruct Ltd (Cassidy ,Corporations Law Text and Essential Cases 2013). As per section 183(1) of the Act specifically prohibits a director or other officers from improperly using a confidential information for personal interest or against the interest of the corporate. In the case of ASIC v. Stephen William Vizard (2005) the court refrains the director from using an information which was obtained during the course of his position of director in the company for an improper use (Ciro and Symes 2013). This section is equally applicable on directors who are currently holding the position in the corporate or who have held such a position in the past. While dealing with a case under this section, court also takes into consideration the character of the director or officer being assessed. In the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v. ABB Transmission and Distribution Ltd (2002) a contrary view was taken by the court, stating that nature of offence shall be the primary consideration, rather than the character of the person. Apart from this specific duty under Section 183, a director is also imposed with Fiduciary duties which are directly owed to the company (Davenport and Parker 2012). The duty of director is base on the trust and faith and in pursuance to this duty, directors shall not indulge in situations where they are not able to act in best interest of the company or there arises a situation of conflict of interest. In the case of Fodare Pty Ltd. v. Shearn (2011) it was opined by the court that under the fiduciary duty, a director is under an obligation to always act for a proper purpose with reasonable care and diligence and shall not in any instance improperly use the position. The act considers it as an offence which shall be specifically established on the basis of following elements: Possession of confidential information which may have material impact on the operations or profitability of corporate. Such an information is not generally available The concerned person is involved in trading, where the said confidential information is highly relevant. In pursuance to the same, it can be stated that the Shane had acted in breach of the duty enumerated in Section 183(1) of the Act as well as is liable for the offence of Insider Trading. In the present case, Shane was occupying the position of Director in Primo Ltd., and because of this information was aware of the price quotation which the company was going to bid before Landstock. These facts clearly establish that Shane has conducted the offence of Insider Trading. Moreover, he has also acted to breach the general duties of acting in good faith and with loyalty. In addition, he has also breached the duty to not make improper use of information or position which one has owing to his/her position in the company (Fisher , Anderson and Dickfos 2017). Part B Section 1043B J of the Act provide for certain statutory exceptions which includes insurance underwriters or disclosing the information in pursuance to a legal obligation. Further, Section 1044A of the Act also states that communication of an information in the normal course, with no intention of contravention shall also account for a valid defence to the offence of insider trading. The Act provides for penalty for committing this offence which could be upto $450,000 fine and/ or 10 years of imprisonment. Thus, the liability imposed for committing this offence is criminal in nature (Harris, Hargovan and Adams 2013). Recently, in the year 2016 the court dealt with the case of a Sydney stockbroker in the name of Oliver Curtis who imprisoned for insider trading. It was ascertained that he had made illegal profits to the tune of $1.4million. In this case, it was also stated that the nature of offence reduces the consideration which is laid on the good character of the offender. Thus, in the present case though this is one of the first instances Shane has undertaken such a criminal action; the liability shall not be reduced (Fitzpatrick et al. 2014). On the other hand, the breach of general duties imposed by the Act shall impose civil obligations, the court may require payment of pecuniary penalty which could be upto $200,000 to the Commonwealth and compensation to the concerned company for an amount of which loss has been sustained by the business (Hanrahan, Ramsay and Stapledon, 2013). Case Study 3 The given factual scenario involves Dronebotics Ltd. which is a start up and is indulged in manufacturing as well as supplying of autonomous drone systems. These drone systems operate with the usage of automatic flying robots and are programmed to accomplish the tasks of monitoring, inspecting, surveying and then returning to base station. Another company in the name of CorpGain Ltd. approaches Dronebotics Ltd for procuring the autonomous drone systems. CorpGain is into agribusiness and intends to use this system for inspection of towering grain silos. It has been ascertained that this is a very dangerous task for being performed by the employees and also imposes an obligation to comply with strict safety regulations (Hoad, Richard and Ian Ramsay 2013). Frank and Diane, the two executive directors of the company are keen on taking up the project, in order to make expansion in different industries. It has been noted that the two mentioned directors have the tendency to take risks while undertaking business operations and hence are of the opinion to enter into the agreement. On the other hand, Ron and Kelly are the other two non-executive directors, who are of the opinion that entering into this agreement is not feasible for their current level of business. It is being argued by them that their present technological capability is not enough to effectively undertake the complex task as required by CorpGain Ltd, and shall also require considerable cost as well as research for developing suitable software. It is important to note that Ron and Kelly are experts who submit report to the board in respect to feasibility of the projects with the current level of operations (Li and Riley, 2012). Scenario A Director's of a corporate owe obligation both under general law as well as relevant statute and this classification further enables the court to determine appropriate remedies which are available. In equity, the director's are under an obligation of fiduciary relationship which sets a high standard of loyalty. These duties have been further incorporated into the Act in the form of General Duties of Director. Section 181, 182 and 183 of the Act imposes a general duty on the directors. In the recent case of Jaques v. AIG Australia Ltd. (2014) it was opined by the court that both executive and non-executive directors are under an obligation to abide the legal requirements of the position of directors, however, have certain distinctions in the manner they are expected to play their respective roles (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh 2014). Thus, in pursuance to Section 180 (1) the directors are required to comply with the business judgment rule, in pursuance to which statutory duty of care and diligence shall be completely complied with by the parties. In pursuance to the same, directors are under an obligation to be informed about the subject matter to the decision to the extent it leads to development of a reasonable belief that the decision is appropriate. However, in the present case, Frank and Diane, in spite of being the executive directors failed to exercise this duty. This could be established from the fact that both of them refused to attend the meeting wherein the experts had opined that entering into a contract with CorpGain shall not be a feasible decision. Moreover, they also did not read the report which clearly elaborated upon the opinion of experts. Thus, this clearly establishes that Frank and Diane did not completely inform themselves about the decision to enter into a contract with CorpGain. In the case of ASIC v. Healey Ors. (2011) it was opined by the court that every director shall be considered accountable for decisions undertaken by the board. The courts of the nation have adopted a consistent approach towards duties of the director and have opined that each of them shall strictly make every effort to maintain high standards in performing their duties. It is important to note that Ron and Kelly made every effort to assess the decision of entering into a contract with CorpGain and in pursuance to the same attended the concerned meeting to be informed about decision of the experts. However, they lacked in consistently exercising care and diligence while undertaking their decisions. The fact that their decision was influenced by the dominant opinion of Frank and Diane, leads us to conclude that they were not able to effectively fulfill the requirements of their duty. Scenario B In the event the experts are of the opinion that the project is feasible to be undertaken considering the current level of technology, it would be rightful of the parties to given their assent to the decision. However, if in such an event also Frank and Diane fail to inform themselves about the aspects of judgment, they shall be considered to have failed to exercise their respective duty (Redmond, 2013). Further, as mentioned in the facts of the case the drone system is supplied to CorpGain. While using the same they face a technical difficulty, which makes it impossible to be used. It is then found that the technological abilities of the company is not competent fulfill the required task. It can be stated that in the opinion of court every director is accountable for the decision being undertaken by the entire board, as it is based on the consent of individual directors. However, some of the defenses which could be raised by the director are Honest and Reasonable director Defense. In pursuance to this defense, it could be argued by Ron and Kelly that they had taken the decision relying upon the advice of experts and had acted in a reasonable manner. Further, in pursuance to the decision of ASIC v. Rich (2003) it can be stated that the directors also have the right to raise a defense on the basis of Business Judgment Rule as enumerated in Section 180(2) of the Act. It has been referr ed to as the safe harbor which intends to protect the directors which have taken use of opportunities which were subject to some form of risk (Parker, et al.2012). Thus, Ron and Kelly shall be entitled to raise a defense in the given circumstance, as also opined in the case of ASIC v. Adler (2002). References Austin R.P. and Ramsay,(2012) I., Ford's Principles of Corporations Law, 15th Ed. Butterworths, Australia. p 201 Cassidy J., Corporations Law Text and Essential Cases (2013). Federation Press, 4th edition Sydney Ciro T and Symes C,(2013) Corporations Law in Principle LBC Thomson Reuters, Sydney, 9th edition Davenport, S and Parker D,(2012) Business and Law in Australia, Thomson Reuters. p 15 Fisher S, Anderson C, and Dickfos,. (2017)Corporations Law - Butterworths Tutorial Series, 3rd Ed. Sydney, Butterworths.. p 2015 Fitzpatrick, Synes, Veljanovski, and Parker,(2014) Business and Corporations Law; 2nd Ed. LexisNexis. p 387 Hahn, Peter D., and Meziane Lasfer (2015). 'The compensation of non-executive directors: rationale, form, and findings.'15.4 Journal of Management Governance 589-601. Hanrahan, P., Ramsay I., and Stapledon, G (2013). Commercial Applications of Company Law. 14th Ed CCH.. p 49 Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M (2013). Australian Corporate Law 4th Ed. LexisNexis Butterworths. p 105 Hoad, Richard, and Ian Ramsay. (2013)"Disclosures!: Corporate governance in practice." 10. Hung and Humphry.(2015) 'Directors roles in corporate social responsibility: A stakeholder perspective.' 103.3 Journal of Business Ethics 385-402. Lanis, Roman, and Grant Richardson (2012). 'The effect of board of director composition on corporate tax aggressiveness.' 30.1 Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 50-70. Li, G, Riley, S. (2012) Applied Corporate Law: A Bilingual Approach 1st Edition LexisNexis. p 112 Lipton, P., Herzberg, A., and Welsh, M, (2014)Understanding Company Law, 17th Ed. Thomson Reuters . 210 Parker, Clarke, Veljanovski, Posthouwer, (2012) Corporate Law, Palgrave 1st edition Redmond, P., (2013) Companies and Securities Law - Commentary and Materials, Law Book Co., Sydney, 5th, Richardson, Grant, Grantley Taylor, and Roman Lanis (2013). 'The impact of board of director oversight characteristics on corporate tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis.'32.3 Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 68-88. Sealy, Len, and Sarah Worthington.(2013) Sealy Worthington's Cases and Materials in Company Law. (Oxford University Press). Van den Berghe and Lutgart (2012). International standardisation of good corporate governance: best practices for the board of directors. (Springer Science Business Media). Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-1818422500086653942020-04-21T16:53:00.001-07:002020-04-21T16:53:02.556-07:00Recommendations following analysis of the Shuzworld firms current management predicaments Below is a list of recommendations from the study, the recommendations are backed up with statistical proofs as per their workability and possible outcome and they address the key four areas of concern which my analysis paid attention to.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendations following analysis of the Shuzworld firmââ¬â¢s current management predicaments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How to improve the current workflow in the plant Workflow forms the backbone of this company and for its success, the workforce has to be catered for and their issues addressed as soon as possible to avert a looming industrial action that would precede any form of dissatisfaction form the employee. For productivity to be enhanced, employees must be motivated. The management of the firm is well motivated by the good working environment that the firm offers and they undertake their management duties with lots of enthusia sm. This is very good, however, it is of essence that other junior staff members of the firm feel the same way and work with a similar zeal, failure of which the firm with all its branches faces an eminent oblivion (Miller, 1995). Some of the key motivators that would increase work out put include the realization that money can be a major employee motivator. Employees; both the permanently employed and those on casual basis, must be remunerated in a manner which shows gratitude and instills a sense of self-worth to the workforce. A motivated employee is more likely to impact the firm positively, the firm must thus ensure that there is equity at the workplace and appreciate excellence and hard work put in by a given employee (Guest, 1964). Making the workforce competitive and providing some other incentives such as insurance and on job training opportunities would make these very fundamental members of the firm develop a sense of belonging. The feeling of patriotism would help safegu ard the secrets of the company and make the employees work with vigor for the overall good of the company. China, like the United States of America, is not a cheap labor market. To attract more employees, the firm must offer a very competitive remuneration. To record higher rate of production, the firm should double the number of employees. From the data provided by the Shanghai branch, the rate of production for the Rugged Wear Work Boot is as follows: Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With a doubled workforce, the timings in the chat above will be halved to come up with 5 minutes instead of 10 and so on. If that is not achieved, the rate of production would remain constant but made to run for a longer duration. The first half would report for the day shift and work at that same rate for the first twelve hours then the second bunch made to report for the night shift, this wa y, the production doubles and possibly the profits (Miller, 1995). As mentioned in the last bit of the paragraph above, production should resonate into profit for the firm in equal measure. This means that all the departments must be coordinated effectively to ensure that as the department of production increases output, its marketing counterpart determines markets for the very products. This way, there wills not a rise a backlog of unsold products which could result in the firm accruing loses. It would thus be prudent to make a claim that before the department of production increases or even doubles the number of employees, the department of marketing should first determine the market for the products that will be produced. The management is also faced with a major coordination challenge and these would all be wrapped up in the type of layouts that the company employs. Management and supervision go hand in hand, for effective management, the firm must be laid out as follows: Office Layout: the office constitutes the home of management and one management factor that must be taken into consideration is time. The office layout must be done in such a way that time is not lost moving from one faction to another. The offices must be made to run into each other so that the Chief Executive Officer does not waste time walking for a long distance to meet his vice president or vice versa. The facilities of the office too need to be incorporated into the office so effectively yet seamlessly enough to have the recourses of the company not depleted or wasted and at the same time the staff should not experience a shortage. A printer or a photocopier for example, could be centrally placed to serve an entire floor. The computers in the office too need to get interconnected to form an effective Local Area Network, and this would reduce time and make the sharing of equipment like printers possible. A fully automated office ensures that no document is lost and the access of the very document is easier because there will be no bulky filing system. Backing up the files of the company in some virtual cyber data backup system such as the one made possible by the cloud computing system enhances document safety and accessibility assuring the employees of a more secure system. The use of password limits unwelcome data access thus improving security (Guest, 1964).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendations following analysis of the Shuzworld firmââ¬â¢s current management predicaments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some other aspects of the company such as ware housing and retailing must be strategically located so as to ensure closeness to the market and convenience to the employees. Should a warehouse be located so far from the possible labor market, employees are more likely to shy away from the firm and this would impact negatively in the returns accrued by the company. However, s hould that be the case, the company must provide transport to and from the warehouse. This would cut costs for the employees thereby acting as a motivator to the middle employee. Analysis of the initial and ongoing costs needed for the new sandal line being introduced The company is introducing a new brand into the American market. To guarantee a good interdepartmental relation, it is evident that the department of marketing has already determined possible markets for the intended product. It is the market which dictates the pace of production in any given firm and this is evident even in the introduction of these commonly referred to Maui Sandals models. The market anticipates ten thousand batches, an amount that the firm hopes to manufacture for its Chinese warehouses. This would prove to be a very costly venture. Just as stated in the subsequent paragraphs, China is not a third world country and one should not therefore expect to find cheap labor in this market. This, coupled wit h the rates of fluctuating foreign exchange, the local taxing system and eventually the transportation costs would only mean that the firm sells the product at a higher price. High costs need to be a brand position that tags along quality. Luckily for the company, quality is one of its key product features. The sale of the sandals at a higher cost must be mapped out so effectively to avoid a product flop. Tying the price to the quality and class that the sandal promises would ensure that the target market does not shy away from the product despite its price, this means that the marketing department should be giving the figures it is providing alongside the intended market price. This way the company shall know how to balance costs thus avert any possible underperformance of the product. Below is a mathematical breakdown of both the initial and on going costs of manufacturing the new sandals:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The market anticipates 10, 000 batches of the new shoes and with the first five batches estimated to take1, 000 labor hours. With the company labor cost averaging at $ 1.08 this would mean that the entire labor cost is: 1000*1.08= $ 1,080 but there is an additional hold: the 80% learning curve. A learning curve refers to the graphical representation of the knowledge that is retained in an individual after a lesson. An 80% learning curve implies that the employees are capable of retaining up to 80% of the knowledge they learn. This would only mean that the firm invests 20% more on a continued teaching program to ensure that the employees continue producing the exact type and quality of products as was intended. It would also mean that the initial batches would take longer to produce but the subsequent ones would be produced 80% faster, 20% of 1080 is $ 216. However with an average of 250 batches a month, 10,000 batches would last 40 months costing a total of 216*40= $ 8640. However, should the number of employees be doubled, the hours taken to produce any given batch would be halved and this would be a positive move. Producing these shoes faster would mean that they take the market by storm and the initial sales would boom, as the shoes stays for longer in the market, it creates space and room for imitations and these imitations would normally be introduced at lower prices. This stands to sway the undecided market or would appeal to the lower class that coincidentally forms the majority of any economy. Should that be the case with this products in the states of California and the South West which the firm targets then the company would have a scoop and quit the market when it is still ripe and profitable (Miller, 1995). Should that be the case, then the initial cost needed for the new sandal line would be $ 1296 dollars for labor only within the first five batches. Add this to the cost of raw material for the same batches and that would be $ 500,000. There are other bills that would need footing such as power and water bills, rent and miscellaneous expenses. The money lost to the foreign exchange and the stock markets all added to the cost of transporting the finished product back to the American market would extend the figure to approximately $ 825,000. The cost of continued production would be varied but stay at about the very figure established for the first five batches. This is because there are a number of market factors that influence the current costs of production. The costs of electricity differ and so is the rate of foreign exchange. It would be wise to try and find additional markets in China. This would help reduce the costs of transportation to America thereby increasing the market base. Staffing plan Staffing entails the process of recruiting labor. It is a very vital stage to the process of production. The techniques employed in recruiting the staff would lead to either a success or a failure of the firm. There are million s of people in China but Shuzworld would be interested in a very small fraction to facilitate the process of production. The process of recruiting must be properly guided by laid down procedures to ensure that only the best brains are admitted into the family. Admitting the best brains will help increase the learning curve. Currently, it stands at 80% and it would be only sensible that all those who are yet to come have a similar capacity. To retain the learning curve, the requirements set by the department of human resources like submission of a college diploma or bachelorââ¬â¢s degree in textile engineering would mean that only those who qualify are employed. However, not all employees would have to be highly schooled. There are those who would do jobs like running errands, packaging and loading. Such employees would not require any qualification, save for physical strength. The majority of those who would work in this project are the non skilled laborers and there is no better way of recruiting them other than on short term scheduling. The future of the company in China is not predictable given the current affairs in this region and the management problems it has. Keeping such a group on the short term scheduling makes managing them a lot easier for the managers and reduces risks. Techniques of managing them include the following: Contract: This is the best method of managing skilled labor in a formal way. An employee is hired on contractual terms for a specified duration. After the end of the period, should the company still be interested in their services, then they can be given an opportunity to renew their contract, otherwise, these individuals are laid off. Such individuals are paid the agreed terms and given the company benefits only for the period that their contracts are valid. However, as their duration comes to a close, they lose all the company benefits and are allowed to go home or seek alternative employment. Casual labor category The ca sual labor category is the one best fit for employing the unskilled labor. This is a contract in which the workers are recruited either daily of weekly after which they are paid for their work and let off. These are people who have no attachments with the company whatsoever despite for the man-hours that they spend in the company premises. This would save the company a lot of money because the workers would only be recruited when their services are needed. The firm would not be compelled by civil activists to cover them, save for the few hours that they spend in the company (ibid). These people are not entitled to any other benefit apart from their daily or weekly wages. In a nut shell, keeping the staff on the short term scheduling strategy is a profitable way of acquiring the labor cheaply. The company does not get entangled for longer periods with the employees. Some other cost effective long term benefits like pensions do not come into the picture thereby resulting into more sav ings for the firm. However, very many people are wary of the job insecurities related to contracts, to attract qualified employees, the firm would be advised to make the package for the contracted individuals look as enticing as would be possible. The pay package must be something worthwhile and the contracted employees be given the provision to renew and extend their stay at the firm as they deem fit. Allowing them to have periodic on job trainings would give them an additional asset should they chose to leave the firm and this would attract as many of them in the firm as possible. While on the contract, they should be given full medical covers and other additional benefits. The casual labor on the other hand is normally an open field with a willing buyer and a willing seller without any other constrains. However, the terms should be friendly and human enough to make the laborers work with passion and eagerness. Making the period of the recruitment weekly or even monthly and paying them in accordance to the amount of work they do would boost their morale at work and further spread the good reputation of the firm. This would ensure that the firm does not run short of cheap labor and could even influence the market for the companyââ¬â¢s products in the country (Guest, 1964). References Guest, P. (1964). Brand loyalty revisited: a twenty year report. New York: New York Times. Miller, D.(1995). Acknowledging consumption: A review of new studies. London: Routledge. This essay on Recommendations following analysis of the Shuzworld firmââ¬â¢s current management predicaments was written and submitted by user Vivienne Wall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-72453676372282998662020-04-21T04:34:00.001-07:002020-04-21T04:34:02.192-07:00APWH Chapter 11- East Asian Rimlands FlashcardAPWH Chapter 11- East Asian Rimlands Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-37296362698400482762020-04-10T10:09:00.001-07:002020-04-10T10:09:04.182-07:00Sample Informational Synthesis EssaySample Informational Synthesis EssaySample Informational Synthesis Essay (S.I.E) is a unique education option that has an opportunity to achieve extraordinary results. It is also the first method of learning that is focused towards encouraging creativity and new knowledge through interactive discussion and writing.It is a guide that is designed to help students learn about various world religions, cultures, and civilizations. It is beneficial for both the student and teacher. It develops creative thinking and writing skills, and encourages students to engage and take part in discussions.Students can apply for the synthetic essays in a variety of subjects. Essays are categorized into various categories like history, mathematics, science, literature, geography, and many more. Students can choose one category for preparing S.I.E. essays based on their interest and level of exposure to these topics.With the support of interactive tools, a student can write a full essay format in no time. Students will be able to express their ideas effectively through writing full essays in S.I.E.The student can research various topics on his/her own, which will help him/her better understand certain concepts. They will also be able to work on writing samples. Additionally, as soon as the student gets some information on various topics, he/she can check it for accuracy and then decide how to proceed with it.The essay samples are composed of brief paragraphs and brief essays, so students can use them for any purpose, including self-reviews, as per their interest. Moreover, the student can also use it for performing evaluation, and the essays can be used as practice subjects before finally writing their final papers.S.I.E is avery popular curriculum in college essays and can greatly influence the final grades and percentage of acceptance for the students. Students who are studying in secondary or higher levels will surely benefit from the S.I.E system. Further, it can provide excelle nt knowledge about various cultures and other important topics. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-69206489299153129292020-03-16T09:04:00.001-07:002020-03-16T09:04:02.630-07:00Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization Essay Essay ExampleHuman Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization Essay Essay Example Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization Essay Paper Human Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization Essay Paper This essay will supply a definition to Human Resource ( HR ) and find whether HR is the most of import plus in the organisation. The first portion of the essay will discourse the importance of human resource and how is it is indispensable to the success of any organisation. The 2nd portion will place the impacts on the public presentation of an administration. Human Resource ( HR ) and Human Resource Management ( HRM ) Oswin ( 2011 ) states that human resource is a term used to depict the persons who make up the work force of an organisation. Rouse ( 2011 ) defines human resources as the people who work for the organisation ; human resource direction is truly employee direction with an accent on those employees as assets of the concern. In drumhead. all organisation are made up of work forces and adult females to take up places to make specific undertaking and straight pull off by human resource direction. No affair what organisation there are out at that place in the concern universe. neither engineering nor machines can out crush the importance of holding qualified work forces and adult females to make the undertaking. ( Dashgarzadeh et al ( 2012 ) states that an organizationââ¬â¢s human resources are of strategic importance. because cognition. accomplishments. abilities. behaviors. and interactions of employees have the possible to act upon organisational public presentation. It is true that without engineering. the sum of clip needed to mass bring forth their merchandises will take a longer clip but what are these machines without the people who operate them. Peoples Practices Noe et Al ( 2012 ) states that HRM patterns include analysing and planing work. finding human resource demands ( HR planning ) . pulling possible employees ( enrolling ) . taking employees ( choice ) . learning employees how to execute their occupations and fixing them for the hereafter ( preparation and development ) . honoring employees ( compensation ) . measuring their public presentation ( public presentation direction ) . and making a positive work environment ( employee relation ) . From the stated above. we can see that there a batch of money and clip spent to enroll the right people and measure up them for the right occupation. In a survey shows by Fleming ( 2008 ) . it can take up to ?8000 to replace a staff member. Impact to Organisationââ¬â¢s Performance A immense per centum of an organizationââ¬â¢s budgets are spent on human resources ââ¬â in the signifier of enrolling. preparation and development. wages. benefits and compensation. With the significant sum of money invested on human resource. the returns must be of a mensurable benefit to the organisation. ( U. S Office of Personnel Management ( OPM ) 1999: 3 ) . If the organisation decides to cut costs. in-house coaching or mentoring would be an ideal measure to guarantee their development are up to tag alternatively of cut downing staff whom they had spent clip and money on. By deploying a non-qualified employee to a certain undertaking is black to any organisation. Selection ââ¬â Choosing Employees At this phase. the organisation will be carry oning interviews to find the suitableness and abilities of the campaigner for the occupation. By using an experient and knowing campaigner means the organisation would be able to pass less resources. like money and operational hours. to develop and develop the person to run into the criterions that is required. By making so. the organisation would be able to salvage or put on other resources to increase the productiveness. Decision Human resources are the most of import assets a modern organisation has. because merely human existences can do. transportation and exercising cognition ( Write Works. 2006 ) . It is an extreme of import that the organisation recruit. select. train and develop the right people and guarantee that their public assistance and benefits are taken attention of. I must state that every individual working in the organisation is the anchor and play a major function in the success or failure of an organisation. regardless of how major or minor their occupation may be. Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3103135651455879488.post-18611283954641427012020-03-16T01:43:00.001-07:002020-03-16T01:43:02.164-07:00Free Essays on Miller MarketingAdvertising Techniques of American Breweries: A Look at Miller Inc. Rolling Stone magazine is one of the most recognizable and ad promoting magazines in the United States. Beer companies have placed many advertisements in this magazine, especially the Miller Brewing Company. One Miller ad in particular seemed to protrude with a sixties like rock and roll attitude. This ad, in general, directed its main focus towards the Miller Brewing Company. Along with the advertisements groovy sixties style, it also blended a rock type atmosphere with the intentions of selling its product, Miller Beer. Reading through a magazine like Rolling Stone, it can be quite easy to catch oneself falling into the trap of reading a well thought out ad like this one. When first glancing at the ad, there is an unmistakable format of sixties style text at the top of the page which reads, ââ¬Å"Rock without ROOTS, thatââ¬â¢s like beer without taste.â⬠The main focus of interest of the ad is immediately given away with this one simple sentence at the beginning of the page. While glancing down the ad, there were many noticeable rock artists. The artists included were Lenny Kravitz, Bo Diddley, Slash, James Brown, Doors of the 21st Century and Cheap Trick. Each picture of the artists had a sixties style border, with the same look as the font of the beginning text of the ad. Located at the bottom of the ad is the text ââ¬Å"From the pages of Rolling Stone to New Yorkââ¬â¢s Roseland Ballroom, Miller salutes a summer of legendary artists and the 50th Anniversary of rock.â⬠This statement is saying that Miller Inc. is officially saluting Rock and Rollââ¬â¢s 50th Anniversary and its Legendary Artists of 2004. The ad also includes one of Millers slogans at the bottom left of the page which simply says, ââ¬Å"Live Responsiblyâ⬠. The other slogan, at the bottom right, features a bottle of Miller Lite and Miller Genuine Draft with the slogan ââ¬Å"MILLER, Good... Free Essays on Miller Marketing Free Essays on Miller Marketing Advertising Techniques of American Breweries: A Look at Miller Inc. Rolling Stone magazine is one of the most recognizable and ad promoting magazines in the United States. Beer companies have placed many advertisements in this magazine, especially the Miller Brewing Company. One Miller ad in particular seemed to protrude with a sixties like rock and roll attitude. This ad, in general, directed its main focus towards the Miller Brewing Company. Along with the advertisements groovy sixties style, it also blended a rock type atmosphere with the intentions of selling its product, Miller Beer. Reading through a magazine like Rolling Stone, it can be quite easy to catch oneself falling into the trap of reading a well thought out ad like this one. When first glancing at the ad, there is an unmistakable format of sixties style text at the top of the page which reads, ââ¬Å"Rock without ROOTS, thatââ¬â¢s like beer without taste.â⬠The main focus of interest of the ad is immediately given away with this one simple sentence at the beginning of the page. While glancing down the ad, there were many noticeable rock artists. The artists included were Lenny Kravitz, Bo Diddley, Slash, James Brown, Doors of the 21st Century and Cheap Trick. Each picture of the artists had a sixties style border, with the same look as the font of the beginning text of the ad. Located at the bottom of the ad is the text ââ¬Å"From the pages of Rolling Stone to New Yorkââ¬â¢s Roseland Ballroom, Miller salutes a summer of legendary artists and the 50th Anniversary of rock.â⬠This statement is saying that Miller Inc. is officially saluting Rock and Rollââ¬â¢s 50th Anniversary and its Legendary Artists of 2004. The ad also includes one of Millers slogans at the bottom left of the page which simply says, ââ¬Å"Live Responsiblyâ⬠. The other slogan, at the bottom right, features a bottle of Miller Lite and Miller Genuine Draft with the slogan ââ¬Å"MILLER, Good... Nala Lemieuxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17198507616267262523noreply@blogger.com0