The Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example for Free

The pharmaceutical Industry Essay1) Describe the nature of supplying medicines to emerging markets at an cheap bell without undermining their profits2) Research and analyze in depth the effectiveness of one proposed policy response to this issue.(To use economics theory to analyze) A drug depict as a pharmaceutical product used to treat illness, made up of a chemically defined amount of pharmaceutically active ingredients. On the inappropriate a vaccine is a pharmaceutical product, a biological medicine is difficult to homogenize since it is designed using living systems. It is basically used for prophylactic device purposes. Although the relative importance may vary, a number of facts that impact access to drugs vaccines be similar. Milstien et. al, 2005Patents, the monopolies granted by the State for a specified length of sequence for the commercial exploitation of a scientific or technological inventionnavy Blue are considered important incase of drugs so as to lim it general access, as compared to vaccines. all the same the organizations are dependant on their patents the challenges faced by them, for gaining business often disagreeing on this by saying that the patent protection has been exagge driftd in knowledge base health government list moreover 90% drugs are off- patent. Strain 2007 AIDS, a health calamity of unparalleled magnitude, caused by a virus in an individual, the blight must be seen as an economic, social political occurrence killing one thousand thousands, tour the international organizations have been trying to control the epidemic since the past 2 decades after identifying human immunodeficiency virus, primarily caused by peoples sexual risk behavior . Leading organizations like the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) states that patents that range up to thousands of dollars, are vital for the protection of investments involved in explore development of innovative drugs, failure of wh ich may make it difficult to recover their investments for further projects.Some countries like India do not recognize the patents therefore successfully manufactures generic AIDS cheaply, however obstructions like primitive distribution systems cultural taboos did not allow them to succeed. Mainly the health problems are caused due to many factors overshadowing the under developed world like poverty, lack of health services, clean water proper sanitation. Non availability of efficient affordable medication treatments is the most important factor in this crisis.It is estimated that as a result of many infectious diseases like as acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis around 14 trillion people die world-widely. Mostly in Africa southmost- East Asia infectious diseases alone are responsible for 45% deaths annually, the rate is high even in developing countries. The health crisis in developing countries In the developing countries each day a round 8000 patients die of AIDS, in demarcation to the West, where people always have had access to competent medicines The year 2001 witnessed a rigorous increase in the AIDS crises in Africa, with statistics declaring more than 30 million human immunodeficiency virus convinced(p) citizens. An important fact to consider is that the highly patented HIV drugs are more acute than any other disease. AIDS HIV patients in developed countries are getting extensive benefits since 1996, as a result living better improved lives through the expensive combinational anti-retroviral drug therapy (or HAART) which costs about 15,000 US Dollars per year.People living in under developed countries like Africa cannot afford such expensive treatments having only $10 per psyche Watts, 2002. This catastrophe has affected people all around the world, putting the Pharmaceutical companies in a dilemma, by having to choose between their philanthropic penchants their duty to chance upon a profit. Especi ally the international community being burdened with extraordinary pressure regarding universal health issues, the pharmaceutical industry has become a wakeless feature of humanitarian work. According to surveys, from the 39 million people who are suffering with AIDS globally, 25 million are in sub- Saharan Africa with aliveness expectancy to fall by 20 geezerhood by the year 2010 due to AIDS HIV. 5 million people got infected in 2004, while 3.1 million died from AIDS. In Zimbabwe, life expectancy at birth was 34 years in 2003, compared with 52 years in 1990, Infection rate are still ranging high especially in china, ex- Russian federation states. The fundamental subject is the high costs of AIDS treatments.The standard cost of 1 years worth the standard treatment, a combination of 3 antiretroviral drugs, is estimated at US$10,000-15,000 as a result, the treatment out of reach of most people in the developing world, where 95% of the people with HIV are from (As quoted in The h ealth crisis in developing countries). 9 out of 10 people infected with the virus are not receiving the required help in order to reduce the disease to a chronic condition. In the global market, pharmaceutical companies in Africa, Asia China represent less than 7%.From 1975 to 1996, among 1223 pharmaceutical products developed to fight diseases, only 11 were designed specifically for tropical illnesses. Maybe in 5 7 years vaccines will be developed for AIDS, the Global AIDS Fund needs between $ 10 to 15 billion to fight AIDS, however only $ 6.1 billion was received in 2004 or the US AIDS relief program. The AIDS Epidemic and Pharmaceutical Companies, 2005 The Trade- related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS) in year 1995, guaranteeing protection of patents across the international market included pharmaceutical products along with other services in the World Trade Organization structure. The late(a) years have seen the wealthy governments focusing vast amounts to treat the issues highlighting the world such as lack of clean water, the treatments of infectious diseases that eradicated 11 million people every year, the AIDS death rate is now exceeding by 3 million annually according to the World wellness Organization (WHO).After increased pressure by the charity groups around the world such as Oxfam Medicins sans Frontieres to promote the easy availability of drugs, one of the leading global pharmaceutical organizations has planned to lower the cost of its HIV AIDS medicines in 63 lightest countries of the world. It is therefore extremely important for the pharmaceutical industries to take part in the fight against global health issues. However their main focus is the safeguarding of revenue not working on humanitarian inclination, often adopting strategies that eventually damage the climb issues. Strain 2007 Additionally, prices in the United States range much higher than in Britain, according to a recent U.S. General Accounting Office report . The rise in the worldwide health crisis proves the philosophical malfunction of the international organizations to save lives decrease suffering. The subject has raised a number of issues on the pricing of drugs especially in poor countries gaining a lot of publicity when a case has been filed in South Africa court addressing the pharmaceutical companies to license their patents an announcement by Cipla, an Indian pharmaceutical tight that they would copy U.S. firms AIDS drugs sell them at sell them at cost to countries in Africa. Rapp, 2002 Around 40 South African pharmaceutical companies are suing the South African government at the Pretoria High Court on March 5th to shield their profits ignoring the demise of millions of lives by HIV. On the contrary, a realistic approach by the United Kingdom has been taken up leading to control, devoid of turmoil by a compromising agreement regarding the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) between the British government the U. K. pharmaceutical industry governing the Prices of medications for the next 5 years under the National Health Service (NHS) involving limitation of profits to 17 -21% of engaged silver as well as pricing freedom for new products.In the advanced countries, HIV AIDS infected people are living a better life, since they have better medical treatments available. In Geffen, 2001 Justice Edwin Cameron also HIV positive stated that, There are people throughout Africaand nearly 34 million people in our whole world who are this moment end. And they are dying because they dont have the privilege that I have, of purchasing my health and life.The pharmaceutical industry had 625 registered lobbyists in DC in the year 2001 in 1999-2000 a combined lobbying having budget of $197 million. Rapp, 2002 An industry having so much power, they are more focused to gain more revenue. It is a fact that expensive drugs like Prozac Viagra are more easily available promoted than any other life saving drug. It is important that the drug industries develop some concern about the suffering earth design some strategies to control the major health issues in the world today. The governmental authorities should take steps to motivate the firms to allocate special funds low priced medicines especially targeted towards deserving nations.REFERENCEAlan Berkman, The Global AIDS Crisis Human Rights, International Pharmaceutical Markets and Intellectual Property Symposium accessed 19 January 2008 http//www.healthgap.org/press_releases/02/031402_HGAP_ALAN_PP_IPR.pdfRobert Strain, The Pharmaceutical Paradox aid and Harming the Developing World 2007 University of Pennsylvania accessed 19 January 2008 http//humanities.sas.upenn.edu/essay.shtmlThe AIDS Epidemic and Pharmaceutical Companies Ethics, Stakeholders and Obligations 2005 issue 7- BBS Teaching Research Review accessed 19 January 2008 www.uwe.ac.uk/bbs/trr/Issue7/is711.pdfJulie B. Milstien, Amie Batson and Albert I. Wertheimer, Vaccines an d Drugs Characteristics of Their go for to Meet Public Health Goals March 2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development accessed 19 January 2008 http//siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/MilstienVaccinesDrugsFinal.pdfAccess to medicines for the Developing World and the pharmaceutical industry May 2005 EIRIS accessed 19 January 2008 www.eiris.org/files/research%20publications/seeriskaccesstomedicine05.pdf The Pharmaceutical Industry and the AIDS Crisis in Developing Countries Aug 13, 2001 Harvard Business School accessed 19 January 2008 http//harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b02/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=702010Richard T. Rapp, Civilized Pharmaceutical Price Regulations Can The U.S. dedicate It Too? 2001 accessed 19 January 2008 http//www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv17n2/reg17n2-rapp.htmlJordi Martorell, Drugs companies putting profits before millions of peoples lives 9 March 2001 accessed 19 January 20 08 http//www.marxist.com/drugs-companies-profits090301-4.htmHeather Watts, International Trade, Generic Drugs and the Developing World April 12, 2002 Deeth Williams Wall LLP. altogether Rights Reserved. accessed 19 January 2008 http//www.dww.com/?page_id=1050Cecilia Oh, The health crisis in developing countries accessed 19 January 2008 http//www.twnside.org.sg/title/twr131a.htmWarren V.,What Price AIDS Drugs? Developing Countries and Strategies for Paying for AIDS Drugs. Acad Health Serv Res Health Policy Meet. 2002 19 6.Nathan Geffen, Applying Human Rights to the HIV/AIDS Crisis May 6, 2001 accessed 19 January 2008 http//www.cceia.org/resources/publications/dialogue/2_06/articles/646.htmlCheap AIDS drugs for poor countries June 7, 2001 accessed 19 January 2008 http//edition.cnn.com/BUSINESS/programs/yourbusiness/stories2001/aids.drug.price/